Unit2 Sports and Fitness语法知识点扫盲-（北师大版2019必修第一册）

skybamboo

北师大版（2019）必修Book1 Unit2语法知识点扫盲
定语从句


语法图解


观察句子
1．(教材P30)When we weren't playing on the court which was next to our building, we were watching a game on TV.
2．(教材P30)Paul's favourite player was Tyrone Bogues，a guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets...
3．(教材P30)Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team.
4．(教材P30)．..The Bears, a team whose record this season had been perfect.
5．(教材P30)Paul didn't know he'd soon get the chance that he'd been waiting for.
6．(教材P31)And clearly, all the extra hours that he'd spent practising alone paid off.
我的领悟
关系代词引导定语从句时，在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。which指物，可在从句中作主语或宾语，如在句1中作主语；who指人，可在从句中作主语或宾语，如在句2和句3中作主语；that可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，如在句5和句6中作宾语；whose后接名词，在从句中作定语，如句4。
语法知识精讲
一、定语从句的基本概述
1．定语从句的定义：
在复合句中修饰或限定主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。限制性定语从句与先行词之间的关系非常密切，从句说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况。限制性定语从句不能省略，否则句意就不完整。引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
2．关系词的作用：①连接主句和从句；②指代先行词；③在从句中充当句子成分。
3．关系词的分类：①关系代词：who、whom、whose、which、that、as(本单元讲前五个的用法)；②关系副词： when、where、why。
二、关系代词的基本用法
关系代词用于替代指人或物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
1．who指人，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。
◆Here comes the girl who wants to see you.
想见你的那个女孩过来了。(who在从句中作主语)
◆He is the man who I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见到的人。(who在从句中作宾语)
2．whom指人，在定语从句中只作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。若whom前有介词，则不能用who代替，也不可省略。
◆Rose is the person (whom/who) you should look after.　罗丝是你应该照顾的人。
◆When I have trouble, he is the only one to whom I can go for help.　当我有困难时，他是我唯一可以求助的人。
3．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。
◆They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　那个人的车坏了，他们冲过去帮忙。
◆Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
4．which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时一般可省略。
◆China is a country which has a long history.
中国是一个历史悠久的国家。(which在从句中作主语)
◆The package (which) you are carrying is about to fall.
你拿的包快掉了。(which在从句中作宾语)
5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时一般可省略。指人时一般可用who替代，指物时一般可用which代替。
◆The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.　每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。(that/who在从句中作主语)
◆The chair (that/which) you broke yesterday is now being repaired.　你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修。(that/which在从句中作宾语)


关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所代替的名词或代词。
昨天你借我的那本书十分有趣。
[误] The book (that/which) you lent it to me yesterday is very interesting.
[正] The book (that/which) you lent to me yesterday is very interesting.
三、 关系代词的选择
1．宜用that不用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all、much、anything、something、everything、nothing、little、none等不定代词时。
◆She told me everything that she knew.
她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。
(2)当先行词被all、no、few、any、little、some、much、last、only、very等修饰时。
◆I've read all the books that were borrowed from others.我已经读了从别人那儿借来的所有的书。
◆Mr Smith is the only foreigner that she knows.
史密斯先生是她唯一认识的外国人。
(3)当先行词为序数词、形容词最高级或被这两者修饰时。
◆This is the most exciting football game that I have ever seen.　这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛。
◆The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。
◆I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚地记得我在那个房间里所见到的人和一些照片。
◆The foreign visitors spoke highly of the young pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children's Palace.　外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。
2．宜用which不用that的情况
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
◆The bookstore provides us with all the books we need，which makes us moved.　这家书店给我们提供了所有我们需要的书，这使我们感动。
(2)在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。
◆I'm looking for a container in which I can put all these peaches. 　我正在找一个能放下所有这些桃子的容器。
(3)在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前一个的关系代词是that，那么后一个的关系代词宜用which。
◆Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened.
我给你看看这本从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。
3．宜用who不用that的情况
(1)先行词为指人的不定代词时，如one、anyone、no one、all、nobody、anybody、none等，或先行词为those或被其修饰且指人时。
◆The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well.
你应该向那个努力学习而且学习好的学生学习。
(2)一个句子中含有两个定语从句，且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个一般用who。
◆The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.　昨晚你遇到的那个男孩是那个学习非常努力的小组组长。
四、定语从句中的主谓一致
一般情况下，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词的人称和数一般与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
◆The books that were sold out in two weeks were all written by Tom.　两周内卖光的那些书都是汤姆写的。
◆I'm fond of the piece of music which was played by Jenny.　我喜欢珍妮演奏的那首曲子。


“one of the＋可数名词复数＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式； 而“the only/very/right one of the＋可数名词复数＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
◆He is one of the players who were presented with the medal.　他是被授予了这个奖章的运动员之一。
◆He is the only one of the players who was presented with the medal.　他是唯一一位被授予了这个奖章的运动员。
语法知识及时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The first place I advise you to visit is the Great Wall.
2．The building doors are white is an office building.
3．Anyone has helped to save the old man is worth praising.
4．Do you know he is the boy of we are proud in our school?
5．She is the only one of the children who (be) good at music here.
6．Those want to go to the party must be at the school gate by 5 pm.
7．The young teacher is not the man visited our school last year.
8．He told me that it was the most interesting book he had ever read.
9．He is the man has offered some useful advice to learn English.
10．The film you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week.
Ⅱ.语法与写作(用定语从句完成句子)
1．这是他参观过的最美丽的地方。
This is the most beautiful place .
2．她是公司里唯一一个受教育不多的员工。
She is the only one of the employees .
3．你要买那本内容非常鼓舞人的书吗？
Would you like to buy that book ?
4．你正在看的那幅画是一个盲人女孩画的。
The picture was drawn by a blind girl.
5．正在和我妈妈交谈的那个女孩是我的一个同学。
The girl is one of my classmates.
参考答案：
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The first place that I advise you to visit is the Great Wall.
2．The building whose doors are white is an office building.
3．Anyone who has helped to save the old man is worth praising.
4．Do you know he is the boy of whom we are proud in our school?
5．She is the only one of the children who is(be) good at music here.
6．Those who want to go to the party must be at the school gate by 5 pm.
7．The young teacher is not the man who/that visited our school last year.
8．He told me that it was the most interesting book that he had ever read.
9．He is the man who/that has offered some useful advice to learn English.
10．The film that/which you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week.
Ⅱ.语法与写作(用定语从句完成句子)
1．这是他参观过的最美丽的地方。
This is the most beautiful place that he has ever visited.
2．她是公司里唯一一个受教育不多的员工。
She is the only one of the employees that has received little education.
3．你要买那本内容非常鼓舞人的书吗？
Would you like to buy that book whose content is very inspiring?
4．你正在看的那幅画是一个盲人女孩画的。
The picture (that/which) you are looking at was drawn by a blind girl.
5．正在和我妈妈交谈的那个女孩是我的一个同学。
The girl with whom my mother is talking is one of my classmates.