10（必修1）专题05 Unit 1 Life Choices 语法(不定式+-ing-ed形容词)导学案(解析版)

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依据【北师大版2019必修第一册】编写

专题05 Unit 1 Life Choices

语法(不定式+-ing、-ed形容词)精品导学案解析版



动词不定式和-ing、-ed类形容词考点考例1+1



















考点一：不定式作主语

清单1：动词不定式直接作主语，表示具体的行为，谓语动词用单数。

1.________ (see) is to believe. I won't believe it until I see it by myself.

【解析】1. To see。To see is to believe.表示“眼见为实”，动词不定式短语直接作主语。

清单2：wh-词+to do短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。

2. When and where to start the programs ____________(remain) unknown.

【解析】2. remains。该句虽然有两个连接词但是一个不定式，故谓语用单数形式。

清单3：用于It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构，of/for后面是不定式逻辑主语，it 是形式主语。

3. It is considerate ______ him to inform me of the date for the meeting.

【解析】3. of。在It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构中，形容词是nice, kind, wrong, considerate, generous等描述人的性格、品质类形容词时，常用介词of。

清单4：用于It takes sb time to do sth.句型，不定式短语作真正主语。

4. (2019·全国III)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___________ (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.

【解析】4. to get。本句含有It takes sb time to do sth.句型，不定式短语作真正主语。

考点二、不定式作宾语

清单1：-manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine等动词只接to do作宾语（首字母缩写为mecarfipsd，谐音记忆：霉咖啡不是的）。

5. (2017全国III) Sarah, who has taken part in shows, wants___________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.

【解析】5. to prove。want to do表示“想要做某事”，是固定搭配。

清单2：forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try等动词接to do/doing意义不同的动词（首字母缩写为frogshmt，谐音记忆：青蛙聪明）。

6 (2018天津) I didn't mean ___________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help __________(try) it.

【解析】6. to see; trying。第一空mean to do表示“打算做某事”；第二空can’t help doing表示“禁不住做某事”。

考点三、不定式作宾语补足语

清单1：notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel等动词接不定式作宾补省略to（巧记：注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉）。

7. He was observed ________________(enter) the office silently.

【解析】7. to enter。observe sb do sth表示“看见某人做了某事”，用于被动语态时，不定式to要加上。

清单2：warn, tell, ask, persuade, expect, encourage等动词只接to do后作宾语补足语。

8. Passengers are permitted ___________ (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.

【解析】8. to carry。permit sb to do sth表示“允许某人做某事”，固定搭配。

清单3：用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。

9. With a lot of difficult problems ___________ (solve), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

【解析】9. to carry。在“with+名词+不定式”中，不定式作宾语补足语，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。同时，本句可以找到solve的逻辑主语，应用主动形式。

清单4：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型中不定式作主语补足语。

10. The engine just won't start. It is believed __________(go) wrong for some reason.

【解析】10. to have gone。“出故障”发生在“发电机不工作”之前，故应用不定式的完成式。

考点四、不定式作定语  

清单1：不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。to be done则表示一个被动的、将要发生的动作。

11. The airport _____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.

【解析】11. to be completed。to be done作定语表示一个被动的、将要发生的动作。

清单2：chance, plan, ability, opportunity等名词后边多接动词不定式作定语。

12. (2019·全国II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans _________ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.

【解析】12. to retire。chance, plan, ability, opportunity等名词后边多接动词不定式作定语。

清单3：序数词和形容词最高级后常接动词不定式作定语。

13. She is always the first student _____________ (arrive) at school.

【解析】13. to arrive。The first to do sth表示“第一个干……的人”，不定式短语作定语。

考点五、不定式作状语

清单1：不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，不定式位于句末前边不能有逗号。

14. (2021·浙江)Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over _____________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.

【解析】14. to plant。动词不定式可以放句首或句末作目的状语。

清单2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。

15. He hurried to the station, only ____________(find) that the train had left.

【解析】15. to find。only to do作结果状语，强调出乎预料的结果。

考点六、不定式作表语

清单：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

16. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____________(not, make) it more difficult.

【解析】16. not to make。这里不定式短语作表语，但是为了对比，不定式to不能省略，故答案是not to make。

考点七、不定式的省略

清单1：感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）；

17. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned. 改错

【解析】17. 去掉to。let sb do sth让某人做事，故答案是去掉to。

清单2：下列句型常省略to：may as well do sth; had better do, do nothing but do sth; can’t help but do sth. Why not do sth? prefer to do…rather than do sth, would rather do…than do…等。

18. Rather than ___________ (ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers___________ (ride) a bicycle.

【解析】18. ride; to ride。prefer to do sth rather than do sth表示“宁愿做……不愿做……”，故答案是ride; to ride。

清单3：在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。

19. Henry's mother is quite annoyed now because Henry did something he promised not. 改错

【解析】19. not后加to。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。故答案是去掉do。

考点八、不定式的复杂形式

清单1：to be done是动词不定式的被动形式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。

20. ___________ (accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.

【解析】20. To be accepted。结合语境应用不定式作目的状语；同时又是被动含义，故答案是To be accepted。

清单2：to be doing是动词不定式的进行式，表示一个正在进行的动作等。

21. The boy pretended ___________ (read) the book when the teacher came in.

【解析】21. to be reading。结合语境应用不定式的进行式表示当时正在进行的动作。故答案是to be reading。

清单3：to have done是动词不定式的完成式，表示一个已经完成的动作等。

22. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears to ___________(tell) everything.

【解析】22. have been told。首先是appear to do；结合语境应用to have been told表示一个被动的、已发生的动作。

清单4：not to do是动词不定式的否定式，表示一个否定的动作等。

23. He got up early this morning so as _____________(miss)the early train.

【解析】23. not to miss。so as not to do作目的状语，表示“为了不……”。

考点八、不定式主动形式表示被动意义

清单1：不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。

24. (2020·全国II)Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ___________ (care) for and make great presents.

【解析】24. to care。不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。

清单2：be to blame短语表示“该受到责备”，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。

25. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one who was ___________ (blame).

【解析】25. to blame。be to blame短语表示“该受到责备”，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。

考点九、不定式（短语）作插入语

清单：to be exact, to tell the truth, to make matters worse, to begin with等短语可以用作作插入语。

26. I lost my way in complete darkness and, ___________ (make) matters worse, it began to rain.

【解析】26. to make。to be exact, to tell the truth, to make matters worse, to begin with等短语可以用作作插入语。

考点十、-ing、-ed类形容词

清单1：-ed形容词就是指那些-ed分词转化来的形容词。这类形容词主要用来说明人的感受，含有“感到……”之意，其中比较常见的有：delighted感到高兴的 disappointed感到失望的excited感到激动的。

27. The audience were very ___________ (excite) by the show.

【解析】27. excited。句意：观众们看了演出感到非常激动。结合语境应用excited。作表语。

清单2：-ing形容词就是指那些ing分词转化来的形容词。这类形容词主要用来说明给人的感受，含有“令人……”之意，其中比较常见的有：astonishing令人惊人的disappointing 令人失望的exciting 令人激动的。

28. The parents are ___________ (worry) about their ___________ (worry) son.

【解析】28. worried；worrying。句意：父母在为他们令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。句中用worried说明父母，是因为父母感到担心；用worrying说明儿子，是因为这个儿子令父母担心。

清单3：-ing形容词和-ed形容词都可以修饰look, voice, expression, scream等与人相关的情感类名词，但含义不同。比较并体会：

a frightened look 害怕的表情(指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕)

a frightening look 吓人的表情(指这种“表情”令人害怕)

an excited talk 心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动)

an exciting talk 令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动)

29. When a police car appeared on the road, the thief had a ___________ (frighten) look on his face.

【解析】29. frightened。句意：当警车出现在马路上时，那个小偷脸上是吃惊的表情。根据语境逻辑脸上是“感到吃惊的”表情。故答案是frightened。



好题再练（一）基础题

用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. (2021全国乙卷) It is possible ____________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.

2. (2020•全国卷Ⅰ)My mom told me how ___________(prepare) fried tomatoes with eggs.

3. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words.

4. We opened the window ________ (let) the fresh air in.

5. It took her three hours___________ (repair) her bike.

6. ___________ (sleep) more in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm on purpose.

7. Rather than take the plane all the way, they decided ________(fly) to Vancouver.

8. John was made___________ (wash) the truck for a week as a punishment.

9. The clothes that my mother bought yesterday are easy________ (wash)．

10. Remember ___________ (close) the windows before you leave.

【答案】

1. to walk 2. to prepare 3.to grasp 4. to let 5. to repair 6. To sleep 7. to fly 8. to wash 9. to wash 10. to close

好题再练（二）中档题

用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

11. (2021•浙江) The students are looking forward to having a chance ____________ (explore)the topic with the lecturer.

12. (2020全国III)The next morning he hired a boat and set out _________ (find) the well-known painter.

13. __________(complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.  

14. There were many talented actors out there just waiting ___________(discover).

15. They don't allow ___________ (smoke) here. That is to say, we are not allowed ___________ (smoke)here.

16. Parents always warn their children ___________ (use) the scissors because they are dangerous.

17. It is an honour ___________(invite) to be invited to the meeting

18. The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection _________ (promote) economic growth.

19. ___________ (be) honest, the pay isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. (浙江2009)

20. Whether travelling abroad will do harm to the senior or good remains _____________ (see).

【答案】

11. to explore 12. to find 13.To complete 14. to be discovered 15. smoking; to smoke 16. not to use 17. to be invited 18. to promote 19. To be 20. to be seen



好题再练（三）拔高题

用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

21. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners.

22. Faced with so many difficulties, I was at a loss what ________(do) next.

23. He hurried to the airport, only ________ (tell) that the plane had taken off.

24. Not knowing ____________ to deal with the problem, I have to turn to you for help.

25. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ___________(hear).

26. The novel is believed to ___________ (translate) into ten foreign languages so far.

27. With the world changing fast, we have something new __________ (deal) with by ourselves every day.

28. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________ to choose.

29. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.

30. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there(train) for a space flight.

【答案】

21. to save 22. to do 23.to be told 24. how 25. to be heard 26. have been translated 27. to deal 28. which 29. to lock 30. to be trained



好题再练（四）-ing、-ed类形容词专练

用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

31. The story was so (move) that all of us were (move) to tears.

32. That child shows a (surprise) understanding of adult behavior.

33. The (frighten) horse began to run.

34. It was the most (worry) day that he had ever spent.

35. The boy was (delight) with his new knife. He had been wanting one for a long time.

36.”Come on, boys!” said the fans in an (excite) voice.

37. The latest big idea is to make women more   (interest) in sport.

38. She was (move) when her neighbour remembered her in his will.

39. The walk takes you past a lot of (interest) buildings.

40. The mother was (satisfy) with what her son said to her.

【答案】

31. moved; moving 32. surprising 33. frightened 34. worrying 35. delighted 36. excited 37. interested 38. moved 39. interesting 40. satisfied