44（必修1）专题05 Unit 2 Sports And Fitness 语法(定语从句+不定代词)导学案(解析版

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专题05 Unit 2 Sports And Fitness 语法(定语从句+不定代词)导学案(解析版)
考点一：关系代词that
清单1：that用作关系代词，指人或物；在句中作主语、宾语，有时作表语。
1. He is no longer the man _________he was five years ago.
【解析】1. that。本句中that在定语从句充当表语。故答案是that。
清单2：先行词既为人又为物时，只用that不用which。
2. John told his parents about the cities and the people _________ he had visited.
【解析】2. that。先行词既为人又为物时，只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
清单3：先行词被序数词词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that不用which。
3. The first English novel __________ I read was Gone With Wind.
3. This is one of the most exciting football games _______ I have ever seen.
【解析】3. that。先行词被序数词修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是to reduce。
【解析】4. that。先行词被形容词最高级修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
清单4：先行词是all, much, little, everything, nothing, anything等不定代词时，只用that不用which。
5. I refuse to accept the blame for something _____ was someone else’s fault. (全国2010 II)
【解析】5. that。先行词被形容词最高级修饰只能用that不用which。故答案是that。
清单5：先行词被only, very, little, all等修饰时，只用that不用which。
6. He is the only man __________ I can find for the work.
【解析】6. that。限定词only是关键。故答案是that。
清单6：that用作关系副词，作方式状语（that相当于in which，可以省略），先行词是the way。
7. I don’t like the way _______you speak to her.
【解析】7. that。the way在定语从句作方式状语，故填that。注意此时that可以省略。故答案是that。
考点二：关系代词which
清单1：which用作关系代词，指物；在句中作主语、宾语
8. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.
【解析】8. that/which。本句中that在定语从句充当表语。故答案是that。
清单2：which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句或主句一部分，前边有逗号为标志，that不能。
9. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
【解析】9. which。which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，前边有逗号为标志。故答案是which。
清单3：which用于“介词+关系代词”结构，先行词指物，如in which, both of which等。
10. Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free.
【解析】10. which。choose from表示“从……选择”；先行词是Many lessons，故用which。故答案是which。
考点三：关系代词whose
清单1：whose用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人或物。
11. Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
【解析】11. whose。whose用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指人。故答案是whose。
清单1：whose+名词=the +名词+of whom/which=of whom/which+ the +名词。
12. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
13. This is Mr Green, ________ ___________ help I’ve made great progress in English.
【解析】12. whose。whose用作关系代词，在定语从句中作定语，先行词指物。故答案是whose。
【解析】13. with whose。With one’s help表示“在……帮助下”。故答案是with whose。
考点四：关系代词as
清单1：as用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾语，用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…句型。
14. Los Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyone likes to visit.
15. This is ______difficult a problem _____no one can work out.
【解析】14. as。such…as…构成限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语。故答案是as。
【解析】15. so; as。so…as…构成限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语。故答案是so; as。
清单1：as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……”，从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词。
16. _________ is often the case with Jim, he was fined for speeding.
17. _______ is known to everybody, light travels faster than sound.
18. The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
【解析】16. As。as is often the case with sb引导非限制性定语从句。位于句首或句末。故答案是As。
【解析】17. As。as we all know/as is known to all引导非限制性定语从句。位于句首或句末。故答案是As。
【解析】18. as。as引导的定语从句可以插入到主句中间，如本句。故答案是as。
考点五：关系代词who和whom
清单1：关系代词who在定语从句作主语，先行词指人。
19. They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.
【解析】19. who。本句先行词是their masters，定语从句缺少主语，故应用who。
清单1：关系代词whom在定语从句作宾语，先行词指人，可以省略。whom可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，先行词指人，如from whom, by whom等。
20. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
【解析】20. whom。这是“介词+关系代词”结构，先行词指人，故用whom。
考点六：关系副词when, where和why
清单1：when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语；先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。
21. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
22. We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
【解析】21. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。注意本句先行词The days和定语从句没有紧挨在一起，而是被谓语are gone分隔开，形成分割定语从句。故答案是when。
【解析】22. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。
清单2：where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语；先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如school, museum, centre还可以是抽象名词，如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等。
23. Self-driving is an area __________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
24. Today, we’ll discuss some cases ____________ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
【解析】23. where。先行词an area在定语从句充当地点状语，故答案是where。
【解析】24. where。先行词是抽象名词cases，定语从句不缺少主语和宾语，应作状语。故答案是where。
清单3：why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语；why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。
25. The reason _________Jim failed to come was ________he was seriously ill.
【解析】25. why; that。The reason why…is that…是固定句型，表示“之所以……是因为……”。故答案是why; that。
考点七：用关系代词或是关系副词
清单：先行词是地点名词，关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用when；先行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用why；窍门：学会分析句子成分，原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才能用关系副词；原句缺少主语或 宾语才能用关系代词。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
26. Do you still remember the days________ we studied together?
27. Do you still remember the days________ we spent together?
28. Is this the museum ______ you once worked?
29. Is this the museum ______ you once visited?
30. Is this the reason _______he was absent from school yesterday?
31. Is this the reason _______he gave for absence from school yesterday?
【解析】26. when。when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。故答案是when。
【解析】27. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，时间名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。
【解析】28. where。where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。故答案是to reduce。
【解析】29. that/which。没有特别限定，二者都可以，地点名词在定语从句作宾语。故答案是that/which。
【解析】30. why。why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。故答案是to reduce。
【解析】31. that/which。从句谓语动词give是及物动词，从句缺少宾语。故答案是that/which。
考点八：“介词+关系代词”结构
要点精讲：先行词指人关系代词用whom，指物关系代词用which；介词选择的原则：一看先行词词特殊要求，如to a degree，二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learn from三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
32. Do you remember the day we first met?
33. Do you remember the month we first met?
34. This is the skirt she paid $100.
34. This is the skirt she spent $100.
36. This is my English teacher, I’ve learned a lot.
37. This is my English teacher, help I couldn’t have made such rapid progress.
【解析】32. on which。“在某一天”介词用on。故答案是on which。
【解析】33. in which。“在某一月”介词用in。故答案是in which。
【解析】34. for which。pay…for…是固定词组。故答案是for which。
【解析】35. on which。spend money/time on…是固定词组。故答案是on which。
【解析】36. from whom。从句谓语含有learn from短语。故答案是from whom。
【解析】37. without whose。with one’s help表示“在某人帮助下”，结合语境应用否定形式。故答案是without whose。
考点九：定语从句中的主谓一致
要点精讲1：先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。
38. If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll find probably a solution that _______ (suit) everyone.
39. I, who __________(be) your friend, can understand you.
【解析】38. suits。a solution作主语，谓语动词应用单数。故答案是suits。
【解析】39. am。定语从句主语是I，对应谓语是am。故答案是am。
要点精讲2：先行词是one of…结构，定语从句谓语用复数；先行词是the only /very one of…，定语从句谓语用单数。
40. He is one of the students who ________ (praise) at yesterday’s meeting.
41. He is the only one of the students who ______________(praise) at yesterday’s meeting.
【解析】40. were praised。先行词是one of…结构，定语从句谓语用复数。故答案是were praised。
【解析】41. was praised。先行词是the only /very one of…，定语从句谓语用单数。故答案是was praised。
考点十：定语从句复杂形式
清单：先行词与定语从句分隔开构成“分割型”定语从句；定语从句与强调句型相结合考查；定语从句与名词性从句、状语从句综合考查；定语从句在阅读理解和完形填空中多起干扰作用，注意用括号法快速识别达到化繁为简目的。
42. Occasions are quite rare_________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
43. It was in the backyard ________ my father planted many vegetables ________ he dug up a statue.
44. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
45. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _______ were translated into foreign languages.
46. A new school will be built in _________is a factory now.
47. A new school will be built _________there is a factory now.
【解析】42. when。本句是分割定语从句，先行词是Occasions。故答案是when。
【解析】43. where; that。________ my father planted many vegetables是定语从句修饰先行词backyard；后面才是强调句型。故答案是where; that。
【解析】44. which。这是“介词+关系代词”结构。故答案是which。
【解析】45. them。and是解题关键，表明这是一个并列句。故答案是them。
【解析】46. what。介词in后面接一个宾语，该从句缺少引导词和主语，故答案是what。
【解析】47. where。_________there is a factory now在句中作地点状语。故答案是where。
好题再练（一）基础题
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Thank you for your letter, _________ really made me happy.
2. In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike.
3. George Orwell, _______ real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
4. Faye’s fondest memory is of last year, __________ the club gave a tea party for her birthday.
5. The school shop, __________customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
6. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.
7. She brought with her three friends, none of ______I had ever met before.
8. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of __________ she spoke fluently.  
9. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station __________ you can hire to reach your host family.
10. His movie won several awards at the film festival, __________ was beyond his wildest dream.
【解析】1.which 2.whose 3.whose 4.when 5.where 6.where 7.whom 8.which 9.which 10.which
好题再练（二）中档题
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
11. We’re just trying to reach a point _________ both sides will sit down together and talk.
12. But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
13. Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
14. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _________ she opened with her late husband Les.
15. It’s helpful to put children in a situation __________ they can see themselves differently.
16. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who __________(wear) evening dress.
17. In China, the number of cities is increasing __________development is recognized across the world.  
18. The newly built café, the walls of __________are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.
19. She’ll never forget her stay there __________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
20. Remember that there is still one point _______ we must make clear tomorrow.
【解析】11.where 12.who 13.where 14.which 15.where 16.wears 17.whose 18.which 19.when 20.that/which
好题再练（三）拔高题
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
21. The Beatles, _____many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
22. She might possibly come, in _______ case I’ll ask her.
23. My pen is missing. I’d like to buy the same pen _______I lost.
24. Jenny is so happy, for she has found the same pen ______ she lost yesterday.
25. Samuel survived when the car he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree.
26. Anyway, that evening, ______I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
27. There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.
28. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, __________ the audience can buy ice-cream.  
29. All the neighbors admire this family, ________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.
30. Occasions are quite rare _______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.   
【解析】21.as 22.which 23.as 24.that 25.that/which 26.which 27.as 28.when 29.where 30.when
好题再练（四）不定代词
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
31. Over the past 20 years, the Internet has helped change our world in ________way or another for the better.
32. Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _________ of their parents.
33. No matter where he is, he makes _________a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
34. I’d appreciate _________ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
35. It is very necessary that children should be taught how to get along with_________.
36. There are five language labs in this building. One is on the second floor and the _______ are in the third floor.
37. We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have __________one this month.
38. Of all the books on the desk, __________is of any use for our study.  
39. Both teams were in hard training; __________was willing to lose the game.
40. Thanks for inviting ___________ (we) to your food festival. We really enjoyed ourselves.
31. one。one way or another是固定词组，表示“一种或另一种方式”。
32. that。句意：十分之九的家长说他们教育孩子的方式和父母教育他们自己的方式有显著不同。这里that代替上文提到的可数名词单数形式approach。
33. it。it作形式宾语，to go for a walk before breakfast为真正宾语。
34. it。I would appreciate it if you could….是固定句型，表示“如果你……我将感激不尽。”
35. others。句意：“教育孩子和别人和睦相处很重要。”故用others。another“剩余中的任何一个”；the other“两者中的另一个”；the others“剩余的全部”；others“其他人”，不强调范围。
36. others。第一句话中的in this building提供了一个范围，因此空白处指的是在这幢楼房里其余的language labs，即表示某一范围中其他的人或事物，应用the others。
37. another。another表示“另外一个”，用于表示三者以上范围。
38. none。这里none与上文的all呼应，强调三者以上中“没有一个人/物”。
39. neither。句意：两支球队都在艰苦训练。二者都不愿输掉比赛。neither表示“两者都不”，与both对应。
40. us。句意：感谢邀请我们参加你们的美食节。我们确实很开心。作宾语，应填宾格us。