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专题01 必修第一册 Unit1 Life choices 重点单词变形、词组、短语、句型
B1U1重点单词变形
1. adj.充满压力的，紧张的→ stress n．压力；重音 vt.加压于；使紧张→stressed adj.感到有压力的
2. adj.富有挑战性的→challenge n．挑战；具有挑战性的事物 vt.向……挑战
3. vi.不同，不一样，有区别→different adj.不同的→difference n．不同；差异
4. n．期待；预料，预期→expect vt.& vi.预料；期待；期望
5. n．自信，信心；信赖→confident adj.自信的；肯定的，有把握的→confidently adv.自信地；确信地
6. n．能力，胜任；技能，本领→competent adj.足以胜任的，有能力的
7. n．压力→press v．压；按
8. vi.恢复健康，康复→recovery n．痊愈；复原；恢复
9. n．伤，损害→injure vt.损害，伤害→injured adj.受伤的
10. adv.不幸地；令人遗憾地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地
11. adj.志愿的；服务的；自愿的→volunteer n．志愿者 v．自愿提供；自愿
12. adj.各种各样的；多种(类型)的→variety n．多样化；种类→vary v．使变化，变化
13. adj.方便的，便利的→convenience n．方便，便利
14. n．对……着迷的人；瘾君子→addicted adj.沉溺于……的；入迷的→addiction n．瘾；嗜好→addictive adj.使人上瘾的；使人入迷的
15. adv.实际上，事实上→actual adj.实际的，真实的
16. n．距离，间距→distant adj.远的；远处的
17． vi.& vt.遭受(痛苦)→suffering n．苦楚，苦难
18． adv.正是，当然→absolute adj.绝对的
19． vt.组织，筹划；成立→organisation n．组织，团体，机构→organised adj.有组织的；有条理的
20． adj.专业的，职业的→profession n．专业，职业→professor n．教授
21． vi.毕业 n．(大学)毕业生→graduation n．毕业；毕业典礼
22． vt.鼓励，激励→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的→inspiration n．启示；灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
23． vi.申请；请求→application n．应用，运用；申请，申请表→applicant n．申请人
24． adv.独立地，自立地→independent adj.独立的，自立的→independence n．独立，自主
25． n．电，电力；力量→powerful adj.强有力的
26． adj.负责的；有责任心的→responsibility n.责任；职责；义务
27． adj.有吸引力的；好看的，美观的→attract vt.吸引→attraction n．吸引；吸引力
28． n．贡献；捐助→contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助
29． vt.计划，打算，想要→intention n．目的；意图；打算→intentional adj.故意的；有意的
B1U1重点词组再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．Her daughters visited him (不时地)when he was ill.
2．If all goes (按照) plan, the first concert will be held on Tuesday evening.
3．We (着手，打算) to find the truth behind the mystery.
4．He developed (广泛的) sporting interests as a pupil.
5．(总的来说), young people should be forward-looking rather than the other way round.
6．If some people (取得进步) at the expense of others, they will eventually pay.
7．If you like this article, then please share it to your (社交媒体).
8．He stayed with me (一直) that night.
9．You may apply for the job (亲自) or by letter.
10．Some may struggle and (遭受) culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings.
11．New social problems have arisen (由于) the unfair distribution of the social wealth so far.
12．After she (从……毕业)college, she went to Shanghai, where she made great progress and became a manager in a company.
13．His poor English was a disadvantage when he (申请) a job.
14．He imagined (各种各样的) exciting things about living independently and teaching in a village.
15．Generally speaking, it can be hard to (符合) one's reputation.
16．I know I'll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to (对……负责) a lot more.
17．We were impressed with his works (以及) his great determination to realise his dream.
18．The rescue teams helped (建立) shelters for homeless women and children.
B1U1重点句型
(教材P8)You'll often find me sitting in front of my laptop.
你会经常发现我坐在我的笔记本电脑前。
句中的find me sitting...是“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，现在分词作宾补，表示主动和动作正在进行。
“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的常见形式：
(1)find＋宾语＋adj.；
(2)find＋宾语＋doing；
(3)find＋宾语＋done
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空
(1)I find them (wait) for me outside the gate.
(2)When he came to himself, he found his hands (wrap) in bandages, unable to move.
(3)And you might find it (relax) to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.
(教材P9)I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I'm interested in after school.
我在所有课上总是很专心(听讲)并积极思考，为的是放学后我有更多空闲时间做其他我感兴趣的事情。
句中的so that 引导目的状语从句，意为“以便、为了、为的是”。
(1)so that既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，从句可与may、might、can、could等情态动词连用，可与in order that互换；引导结果状语从句时，意为“以至于、结果”；
(2)in order to do sth.＝so as to do sth.为了做某事；
(3)so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
[佳句]Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we can practise together every day.
然后我可以抽出时间再学一遍，为的是我们可以每天在一起练习。
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空
(1)I was so busy I had no time to write a letter.
(2)Cut down the article so as (make) it fit the space available on the paper.
句型转换(倡导和谐人际关系)
(3)My mother got home early in order to prepare dinner for us.
→My mother got home early ．(简单句)
→My mother got home early ．(目的状语从句)
3. 现在分词(短语)作伴随状语
(教材P14)After a long day, Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room, feeling tired.
漫长的一天过后，张天终于回到了自己的小窝，他感到疲惫不堪。
(1)现在分词(短语)作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生，且与句子的主语即逻辑主语之间是主动关系，翻译时一般译成并列句；
(2)现在分词(短语)作状语时，还可表示时间、条件、原因、结果等，相当于一个状语从句；
(3)一般情况下，现在或过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
[佳句]Morris lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空
(1)On the first day of the term, there were crowds of people in the dormitory, (look) for where they should go.
(2)—Do you have any plans for the summer break?
—Not really.I think I am just staying at home, (read) some books.
句式升级
(3)He made the boy sit there, and promised they would not hurt him.
→He made the boy sit there, ．(分词作状语)
(4)The cup dropped to the ground and broke into pieces.
→The cup dropped to the ground, ．(分词作状语)
4. 部分否定
(教材P15)However, not everything lived up to Zhang Tian's hopes.
然而，不是每件事都像张天希望的那样。
(1)句中的not everything为部分否定结构，意为“并非都，并非所有的东西/事情”；
(2)英语中的all、both、each、every、everybody、everything、always、whole、entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思；
(3)英语中的no、none、never、nobody、nothing、neither、no one、nowhere等表否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。
[佳句]None of us failed the exam, which satisfied our teacher.
我们没有人考试不及格，这使我们的老师很满意。
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空
(1)I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ．
(2)The meeting will be held in September, but knows the date for sure.
B1U1 核心词汇全面攻破
[先练]——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)On Thursday in an article published in Cell，a team of researchers reported a new kind of (adapt)—not to air or to food，but to the ocean.
②Adapted J．K.Rowling's book series of the same title，the Harry Potter movies are universally acknowledged as classics.
③Most of these tools have been specially adapted use by disabled people.
④Mike，Mary and I had a discussion about the (adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.
[后归纳]
(1)adapt (...) to ... (使……)适应/适合(做)某事
(adapt to中的to是介词，后接名词或动词-ing 形式)
adapt ...from ... 根据……改编……
adapt ...for ... 把……改写/改编成……
be adapted for... 为……而改写/改编
(2)adaptation n. 改编本；适应
(3)adaptable adj. 有适应能力的；能适应的
[名师点津] 形近词辨析：①adapt适应，改编→adopt采纳，收养 ②desert沙漠→dessert甜点 ③expect期待→expert专家 ④access接近→assess评估 ⑤aboard在船上→abroad在国外
[先练]——单句语法填空
①Hearing that her younger brother has become addict who is (addict) to the Internet，Annie is very concerned about him for his (addict)．
②To her parents' surprise，the little girl got addicted to _ (listen) to English songs.
完成句子
③(2021·全国乙卷，满分作文)因为很多青少年对玩网络游戏上瘾，他们不能专注于学习。
____，many teenagers don't focus on their learning.
[后归纳]
(1)addicted adj. 上瘾的，着迷的
be/get/become addicted to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事
(2)addiction n. 上瘾；沉溺；嗜好
addiction to ... ……瘾
(3)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
[先练]——单句语法填空
①I am here the aim of doing the job as well as possible.
②I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school and it is aimed developing our interests and improving our skills.
③(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)The program aims _ (help) students develop science skills，environmental awareness，and healthy lifestyles.
完成句子
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)众所周知，“Talk and Talk”旨在提高学生的英语口语水平，同时增强他们对英语文化的理解。
As is known to all，“Talk and Talk” ______ as well as enhancing their understanding of English cultures.
⑤我抓起一块石头，将它瞄准狼，拼尽全力把石头扔出去，试图把狼吓走。(读后续写之动作链描写)
I seized a stone，____ and threw it out with all my might，seeking to scare the wolf away.
[后归纳]
(1)with the aim of 有……的目的
achieve one's aim 达到某人的目的；实现某人的目标
aim at doing sth. 意欲/旨在做某事
be aimed at 目的是，旨在
aim to do sth. 意欲/旨在做某事
(2)aimless adj. 无目的的
(3)aimlessly adv. 无目的地
[先练]——单句语法填空
①Alice applied to the international school in Africa a job as an English teacher.She hoped she could apply what she learned in the university the teaching career.To her delight，she was chosen from hundreds of (apply) and now she is applying herself to (teach) the students.
②He was one of the 30 (apply) for the manager's position，and thus，he had no confidence in himself.
[后归纳]
(1)apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某物
apply to 适用于
apply sth.to sth. 把某物应用/涂抹于……
apply oneself to 致力于/集中精力于……(to为介词)
(2)application n. 申请；应用
(3)applicant n. 申请人
5．arise vi.(问题或困难)出现，发生；(由……)引起；起床，起身
[先练]——单句语法填空
①Seeing the teacher come in，the students (arise) from their chairs immediately.
②New problems __ (arise)one after another in the future.
完成句子
③考试是学校教育中自然且必要的一部分。当学生为预期成绩而努力时，焦虑就会产生。(应用文之现象介绍)
Exams are a natural and necessary part of schooling. _ when students work to get expected marks.
④每当我遇到古典音乐或爵士乐时，一种娱乐和放松的感觉就会自然而然地出现。
Every time I encounter whether classical music or jazz，___ ____．
[后归纳]
(1)arise from 由……引起/产生
(2)arise from one's chair/seat 从椅子/座位上站起来
[名师点津] ①arise为不及物动词，表示“出现，发生”时，主语一般为argument，difficulty，misunderstanding，problem，quarrel，trouble，anxiety等抽象名词，无被动语态。②rise vi.上升；升起。③raise vt.饲养；养育；筹款；举起；提出。④arouse vt.引起；唤起。
B1U1 本单元核心素养自查
Ⅰ.单元词汇串记
请用本单元所学词汇的适当形式完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
various，chat，necessity，eager，responsible，apply，confident，entertainment
After graduating from senior secondary school，students look forward to entering the campus of college，where they will experience an entirely dynamic lifestyle that differs from their previous stressful as well as challenging high school days.
Students from different provinces speak 1. dialects，which can make it not convenient for them to communicate.Actually，many will have a tough time adapting to living independently.To be frank，they tend to face many problems，such as what 2. to buy and how to deal with conflicts.Having suffered from much stress，some of them choose to contact professional experts with the aim of seeking help.Besides，as is often the case，college students need to decide on how to spend the leisure time.Instead of 3. online or surfing the Internet，some students have definitely clear goals.They don't stay with their laptops all day long for 4. ．They study hard to update their knowledge 5. ，revise what they have learnt，participate in a wide range of attractive activities，6. to join organisations and meanwhile，serve as volunteers to make contributions to society.Due to their efforts，they become more 7. and have competence for many positions.Just as a saying goes，“No pains，no gains.”Only by hard work can you get ahead.All in all，it is the students themselves who are 8. for their future.Will you intend to challenge yourselves or give up the effort？It's all up to you.
Ⅱ.一词多义无障碍
1．apply
A．vt.应用 B．vt.施加 C．vt.涂；敷 D．vi.申请 E．vi.适用于
(1)The laws apply to anyone who lives in the country.
(2)Remember to apply some sunscreens to your skin in case you will get sunburnt.
(3)Put the bandage on the wound and apply pressure to it.
(4)He applied to the company for the position but didn't succeed.
(5)(2022·全国乙卷)That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
2．arise
(1)Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately.
(2)New problems will arise one after another in the future.
(3)They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.
(4)The problem arose from lack of experience.
3．remove
(1)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Remove bunny from the belt.This was harder than it sounds.
(2)He removed his jacket when he arrived home.
(3)He was severely criticized and removed from his post.
(4)The agreement removes the last serious obstacle to the signing of the treaty.
(5)Can these ink stains be removed from the clothes？
4．shift
(1)(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
(2)Many people work an eight-hour shift.
(3)Attitudes to mental illness have shifted in recent years.
5．tough
(1)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)So，I decided to pour some courage into this tough boy，but I couldn't find a way out.
(2)It's wise of you to ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.
(3)Meanwhile，in those countries where the shawls(披肩) are sold，police are getting tough with the dealers.
(4)Asparagus (芦笋) is by nature tender and tasty at one end，but gets tougher and difficult to eat at the other end.
(5)Harvard researchers have created a tough，low-cost，biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects' hard outer shells.
Ⅲ.熟词生义猜的快
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington，D.C.which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. _
A．回收，重新利用
B．恢复
C．弥补
2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it's close to all of the city's main attractions.
A．景区，景点
B．吸引力
C．爱慕，喜欢
3．(2021·全国乙卷)After all，coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局)．But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
A．典型地
B．一般地；通常
C．不出所料地
4．(2021·全国乙卷)If you're the host，you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.
A．移开，拿开 B．使离开 C．开除
5．(2021·全国甲卷)In a wired world with constant global communication，we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.
A．已准备好的 B．地位 C．姿势
Ⅳ.核心词汇强化练
1．The voluntary organisation is (aim) at helping people to reduce stress.
2．The graduates from other provinces find it hard to adapt the lifestyle here.
3．If you want to get ahead，you must apply yourself to (study) knowledge.
4．Some experts believe that the smarter a child is，the less likely he gets addicted watching TV.
5．The teacher，as well as the students， (be) suffering great pressure from the stressful schedule.
6．I am absolutely (confidence) that he has the competence to handle the difficult situation.
7．Online shopping brings people great (convenient) and some trouble meanwhile.
8．The passage _ (intend) to tell people the impact of science and technology on life.
9．Unfortunately，the volunteer got (injure) when dragging the motorbike out of the water.
10．The winter holiday we had been looking forward to (come) at last，which meant we would have much leisure time.
11．According to some experts' judgement，he can definitely recover the severe injury in a short time.
12．It is typical of teenagers in senior high school _ (suffer) lots of stress，which makes them depressed.
13．Volunteers tried their best to help people suffering the serious flood.
14．The sports meeting which is scheduled _ (take) place on April 15 may be put off due to the bad weather.
15．Beyond our expectations，the man who is senior me by three years is not responsible for his misbehavior.
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