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阅读理解16篇
一、阅读理解
（23-24高一下·辽宁本溪·阶段练习）The Best School Camps in Victoria
Burnside Camp
Located on the Surf Coast near Anglesea, Burnside Camp is set over 4-hectare beautiful bushland (灌木丛) close to opollution-free peaches, Running throughout the year, Burnside Camp serves as a fantastic base for groups of up to 88 students. Camp programs centre on outdoor adventure activities. These include biking, canoeing, and exciting bush night hikes.
Mill Valley Ranch
Mill Valley Ranch is one of the best school camps in Victoria for large groups of students. It can accommodate up to 100 students. At Mill Valley Ranch, activity programs typically centre on confidence and character building. When outdoors, this sees young people given the opportunity to experience everything from horse riding to archery (射箭). However, it is also possible to organize a wide range of other team games and activities.
Camp Wilkin
Set in Anglesea, Camp Wilkin covers a 15-acre area home to resident kangaroos, which is in easy reach of quiet bushwalks and fantastic beaches. It offers the best school camp accommodation in Victoria for large groups, accommodating up to 163 students. And it also offers a variety of outdoor activity programs. Camp facilities include large meeting rooms suitable for everything from presentations to group learning activities.
Halls Gap
Halls Gap can hold up to 56 students. One of the best school camps in Victoria for natural sightseeing, it features reserved activities taking the form of short journeys to experience some of the largest waterfalls in Victoria. Halls Gap Camp students can also join in rock climbing. Such activities are in the company of local tour guides.
1．What can students do at Burnside Camp?
A．Learn to repair bikes. B．Run their own startups.
C．Attend archery lessons. D．Go on bush night hikes.
2．Which camp can hold the largest number of students?
A．Halls Gap. B．Burnside Camp. C．Camp Wilkin. D．Mill Valley Ranch.
3．What is special about Halls Gap?
A．It is the best camp in Victoria. B．It requires advance booking.
C．It features outdoor activities. D．It centres on character building.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了维多利亚州四所最佳学校露营基地及其特色活动。
1．细节理解题。根据Burnside Camp标题下的“These include biking, canoeing, and exciting bush night hikes.(其中包括骑自行车、划独木舟和令人兴奋的丛林之夜徒步旅行)”可知，学生们可以在Burnside Camp参加令人兴奋的丛林之夜徒步之旅。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Camp Wilkin标题下的“It offers the best school camp accommodation in Victoria for large groups, accommodating up to 163 students.(它为大型团体提供了维多利亚州最好的学校营地住宿，最多可容纳163名学生)”可知，Camp Wilkin能够容纳163名学生，和其他三个相比，它的可接待量最大。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据Halls Gap标题下的“One of the best school camps in Victoria for natural sightseeing, it features reserved activities taking the form of short journeys to experience some of the largest waterfalls in Victoria. (它是维多利亚州最好的自然观光学校营地之一，以需预定的短途旅行的形式体验维多利亚州一些最大的瀑布为特色)”可知，Halls Gap的独特之处在于需要提前预定。故选B
（2015·全国·高考真题）Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum
Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00.
November 7th
The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.
December 5th
Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew.
February 6th
An Update on the Cotsword Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.
March 6th
Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.
Online bookings:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book
More into:www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson
London Canal Museum
12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT
www.canalmuseum.org.uk www.canalmuseum.mobi
Tel:020 77130836
4．When is the talk on James Brindley?
A．February 6th. B．December 5th.
C．November 7th. D．March 6th.
5．What is the topic of the talk in February?
A．The Canal Pioneers. B．An Update on the Cotsword Canals
C．Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands D．Ice for the Metropolis
6．Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames.
A．Miranda Vickers B．Malcolm Tucker
C．Chris Lewis D．Liz Payne
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了伦敦运河博物馆的每月演讲，演讲内容以及安排。
4．细节理解题。根据文中的"November 7th The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. "可知，James Brindley在11月7号演说。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据文中的"February 6th An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. "可知，2月份讲座的主题是关于An Update on the Cotsword Canals。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据文中的"Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them."可知，Miranda Vickers将要在岛上演说。故选A。
【名师点睛】细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。 此外，在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决细节理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。以本文第2题为例，本题运用定位法：我们根据题干中“What is the topic of the talk in February?”， 从而直接定位第四段--根据文中的"February 6th An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. "可知，可知，2月份讲座的主题是关于An Update on the Cotsword Canals。故选B。
（2024·河北衡水·模拟预测）International Day of Education
24 January
Education is a human right, a public good and a public responsibility. The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed (宣布) 24 January as International Day of Education, in celebration of the role of education for peace and development. Today, 250 million children and youth are out of school, and 763 million adults are illiterate (文盲的). Their right to education is being violated (侵犯) and it is unacceptable. It’s time to transform education.
International Day of Clean Energy
26 January
The International Day of Clean Energy on 26 January was declared by the General Assembly as a call to raise awareness and mobilize action for a just and inclusive transition (过渡) to clean energy for the benefit of people and the planet. 26 January is also the founding date of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), a global intergovernmental agency established in 2009 to support countries in their energy transitions.
World Health Day
7 April
It is celebrated annually and each year draws attention to a specific health topic of concern to people all over the world. The date of 7 April marks the anniversary of the founding of WHO in 1948.
The theme for World Health Day 2024 is “My health, my right”, which was chosen to champion the right of everyone, everywhere to have access to quality health services, education and information, as well as safe drinking water, clean air, good nutrition, quality housing, decent working and environmental conditions.
World Environment Day
5 June
World Environment Day, held annually on 5 June, brings together millions of people from across the globe, engaging them in the effort to protect and restore the Earth. People from more than 150 countries participate in this United Nations international day, which celebrates environmental action and the power of governments, businesses and individuals to create a more sustainable world. The event has been led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) since its start in 1973.
7．On what day is the event about world energy marked?
A．24 January. B．26 January. C．7 April. D．5 June.
8．Which of the following event began in 1973?
A．International Day of Education.
B．International Day of Clean Energy.
C．World Health Day.
D．World Environment Day.
9．What do the four events have in common?
A．They have a common goal. B．They have a long history.
C．They’re international events. D．They benefit world environment.
【答案】7．B 8．D 9．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个国际日，分别是教育国际日、清洁能源国际日、世界卫生日和世界环境日，以及它们的日期、目的和历史。
7．细节理解题。根据文章第二部分“The International Day of Clean Energy on 26 January was declared by the General Assembly as a call to raise awareness and mobilize action for a just and inclusive transition (过渡) to clean energy for the benefit of people and the planet.”（1月26日的清洁能源国际日是由联合国大会宣布的，目的是提高人们的认识，动员行动，为了人民和地球的利益，实现公正和包容的清洁能源过渡。）可知，世界能源的活动在1月26日，故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据文章最后一部分“World Environment Day, held annually on 5 June, brings together millions of people from across the globe, engaging them in the effort to protect and restore the Earth. The event has been led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) since its start in 1973.”（每年6月5日举行的世界环境日，汇集了全球数百万人，让他们参与保护和恢复地球的努力。这个活动自1973年开始就由联合国环境规划署（UNEP）领导。）可知，世界环境日始于1973年，故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第一部分“The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed (宣布) 24 January as International Day of Education, in celebration of the role of education for peace and development.”（联合国大会宣布1月24日为国际教育日，以庆祝教育对和平与发展的作用。）根据第二部分“The International Day of Clean Energy on 26 January was declared by the General Assembly as a call to raise awareness and mobilize action for a just and inclusive transition (过渡) to clean energy for the benefit of people and the planet.”（联合国大会宣布1月26日为国际清洁能源日，旨在呼吁提高认识并动员行动，以公正和包容的方式过渡到清洁能源，造福人类和地球）根据第三部分“It is celebrated annually and each year draws attention to a specific health topic of concern to people all over the world.”（世界卫生日每年举行一次庆祝活动，每年都提请人们注意世界各地人民关心的一个具体健康问题）根据第四部分“The event has been led by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) since its start in 1973.”（该活动自1973年开始以来一直由联合国环境规划署(UNEP)领导。）这四个活动都是由联合国或其相关机构发起的，都是全球性的活动，因此它们的共同点是它们都是国际性的活动，故选C。
（23-24高一上·江苏南京·阶段练习）The booking notes of the play “the Age of Innocence”Price: $10
BOOKING
●in person
The Box Office is open Monday to Saturday, 10 a.m.-8 p.m.●by telephone
Ring 01324976 to reserve your tickets or to pay by credit card (Visa, MasterCard and Amex accepted) ●by post
Stating the performance and choice of seats, send a cheque, postal order, or your credit card details to Oscar Theatre Box Office, PO Box 220, Main Street. All cheques should be made payable to Oscar Theatre.●on line
Complete the on-line booking form at www. Satan fiedtheatre.com. DISCOUNTS
●Saver: $2off any seat booked any time in advance for performances from Monday to Thursday. Savers are available for children up to 16 years old, over 60s and full-time students.
●Supersaver: half-price seats are available for people with disabilities and one companion. It is advisable to book in advance. There is a maximum of eight wheelchair spaces available and one wheelchair space will be held until an hour before the show.
●Standby: best available seats are on sale for $6 from one hour before the performance for people eligible (有资格的) for Saver and Supersaver discounts and thirty minutes before for all other customers.
●Group Bookings: there is a ten percent discount for parties of twelve or more.
●School: school parties of ten or more can book $6 standby tickets in advance and will get every tenth ticket free.
Please note: we are unable to exchange tickets or return the money unless a performance is cancelled due to unexpected situations.
10．If you book by post, you can pay for a ticket by _____.
A．going to your local bank in person
B．visiting the website of a post office
C．providing your credit card information
D．stating the performance and choice of seats
11．How much should a school party of 16 students pay to watch the play?
A．$90 B．$96 C．$128 D．$144
12．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．There are 9 wheelchair spaces in the theatre in total.
B．Students above 16 years old are not eligible for Saver discounts.
C．You are not likely to get a good seat if you buy a discounted ticket.
D．The audience can’t get their money back if the play is on show as scheduled.
【答案】10．C 11．A 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要内容是话剧《the Age of Innocence》的预定说明。
10．细节理解题。根据●by post部分的“Stating the performance and choice of seats, send a cheque, postal order, or your credit card details to Oscar Theatre Box Office, PO Box 220, Main Street.(说明演出和座位选择，将支票，邮政汇票或您的信用卡详细信息发送到Oscar Theatre Box Office，邮政信箱220，Main Street。)”可知，如果您通过邮寄预订，您可以通过提供您的信用卡信息付款。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据文中的“●School: school parties of ten or more can book $6 standby tickets in advance and will get every tenth ticket free.(●学校:十人以上的学校聚会可以提前预订6美元的备用票，每十张票免费一次。)”可知，16人的学校团体只需要买15个人的票，需要付的钱是15*6=90美元，故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据文中的“Please note: we are unable to exchange tickets or return the money unless a performance is cancelled due to unexpected situations.(请注意：除非演出因意外情况取消，否则恕不退票。)”可知，如果这部话剧如期上演，观众就拿不回预定付给的钱。故选D。
（23-24高一上·四川绵阳·期末）The snowstorm was supposed to hit on the evening. On the way home from work, I filled up my car with gas and picked up two pizzas because my kids, aged 10 and 15, wanted their mom to get some for dinner.
Then the snow started, and came down so fast that it screamed. It was terrifying! I didn’t know where I was. It was now about 6 pm and dark. What would my black car look like in such a heavy snowstorm at night? Would it be invisible? Was I on someone’s farm? Or worse, was I on the wrong side of the road? I searched my location online and figured out that I was on a road called Bouvier Lane. It was now 6:30 pm. I posted this new information to my Facebook community group, asking anyone who knew someone nearby to rescue me.
At 8 pm, my phone rang. It was the daughter of the farmer who owned the land beside the road where my car was stranded. She told me that her dad was coming to get me! About 45 minutes later, I saw a tall figure in a yellow raincoat walking toward me in the dark, carrying a flashlight (手电筒). It was André Bouvier, 80 years old, who’d walked half a mile through the snowstorm to find me, fighting the wind and snow each step of the way. When we reached his house a few minutes later, I got out of the car and burst into tears. All my fears disappeared and I was grateful.
The experience let me approach challenges and surprises with a sense of calm. It reminded me to always reach out and help others — both friends and strangers. But best of all, it brought André into my life. We’re still in touch, and I know we'll be friends forever.
13．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs?
A．Her car was out of gas. B．Her car was on someone's farm.
C．She couldn't see the road. D．She didn't expect the snowstorm.
14．What does the underlined word “stranded” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Driven. B．Fixed. C．Broken. D．Stuck.
15．How did André know the author needed help?
A．Through his community. B．Through his daughter.
C．By walking in the snow. D．By surfing the Internet.
16．What can be a suitable title for this text?
A．A Snowstorm Night Rescue B．The Most Familiar Strangers
C．The Life-saving Facebook Post D．An Encounter in the Snowstorm
【答案】13．C 14．D 15．B 16．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述讲述了作者在遭遇暴风雪后被困路上，通过向社区求助最终得到好心人André Bouvier帮助的故事。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I didn’t know where I was.(我不知道自己身在何处)”以及“What would my black car look like in such a heavy snowstorm at night? Would it be invisible? Was I on someone’s farm? Or worse, was I on the wrong side of the road? I searched my location online and figured out that I was on a road called Bouvier Lane.(在这么大的暴风雪中，我的黑色轿车会是什么样子呢？它会看不见吗？我是在别人的农场吗？或者更糟，是我走错路了吗？我在网上搜索了我的位置，发现我在一条叫布维尔巷的路上)”可知，由于暴风雪作者看不见路，不知道自己身在何处，故选C。
14．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“What would my black car look like in such a heavy snowstorm at night?(在这么大的暴风雪中，我的黑色轿车会是什么样子呢？)”和“I posted this new information to my Facebook community group, asking anyone who knew someone nearby to rescue me.(我把这个新信息发布到我的Facebook社区群里，请求任何认识附近某人的人来救我)”以及划线词所在句子“At 8 pm, my phone rang. It was the daughter of the farmer who owned the land beside the road where my car was stranded. (晚上8点，我的电话响了。那是我的车被stranded在路边的那块地的主人的女儿。)”可知，作者的车被困在暴风雪中，stranded意为“困住”，故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I posted this new information to my Facebook community group, asking anyone who knew someone nearby to rescue me.(我把这个新信息发布到我的Facebook社区群里，请求任何认识附近某人的人来救我)”和第三段中“At 8 pm, my phone rang. It was the daughter of the farmer who owned the land beside the road where my car was stranded. She told me that her dad was coming to get me!(晚上8点，我的电话响了。那是我的车被困在路边的那块地的主人的女儿。她告诉我她爸爸要来接我)”可知，作者发布了求救信息，André的女儿给作者打了电话，故André是通过女儿得知作者需要帮助，故选B。
16．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“I posted this new information to my Facebook community group, asking anyone who knew someone nearby to rescue me.(我把这个新信息发布到我的Facebook社区群里，请求任何认识附近某人的人来救我)”和最后一段中“The experience let me approach challenges and surprises with a sense of calm. It reminded me to always reach out and help others — both friends and strangers.(这段经历让我以一种冷静的态度面对挑战和惊喜。它提醒我要随时伸出援手，帮助别人——无论是朋友还是陌生人)”可知，文章主要讲述讲述了作者在遭遇暴风雪后被困路上，通过向社区求助最终得到好心人André Bouvier帮助的故事。A项“暴风雪夜的一次救援”为最佳标题，故选A。
（23-24高一上·陕西咸阳·期中）In the sport of track and field, athletes compete not only with one another but against themselves, and in each race they try to achieve the new personal best.
For one Nebraska teen running in what would likely to be his final cross-country outing before graduating from high school, his personal best turned out not to be marking the fastest time but displaying the biggest heart.
Although it was a long shot when he came out from the starting position last Thursday, Brandon Schutt from Bellevue East High School knew if his time was good enough that day, he still had the potential to qualify for the upcoming state meet. A mile into the 3.1-mile race, however, Schutt realized he wasn’t going to be able to keep up the necessary momentum(势头). Rather than risking injury, he slowed to a comfortable pace that would allow him to simply get pleasure from the moment and the day.
Meanwhile, Blake Cerveny from Omaha Burke High School was running a very different kind of race. Aiming to beat his own personal record, after a fast start, he continued to push himself hard. With less than 400 meters to go, Cerveny’s legs cramped up (抽筋), but he didn’t give up. Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on, only to fall again after another 150 meters and again. About 100 meters away from the finish line, he lay curled on the ground. His legs had simply given out.
Before Cerveny’s dad could reach his son, Brandon Schutt was at his side to offer a helping hand. The two completed the final meters of the course. Schutt even made sure the injured runner crossed the finish line first, securing his opponent a faster time.
In today’s competitive world, while the emphasis in athletics is so often on breaking records, it is inspiring to see an athlete like Brandon Schutt.
17．What can we learn about Schutt at the beginning of the running?
A．He was confident to win the first place.
B．He was nervous about the coming graduation.
C．He was clear about his own strengths and weaknesses.
D．He was dissatisfied with the surrounding things.
18．Why did Brandon Schutt slow down after a mile?
A．To have a final push. B．To enjoy the competition.
C．To help Blake Cerveny. D．To examine his wounds.
19．What can we learn about Blake Cerveny in the race?
A．He was a person of determination.
B．He was generous to help others.
C．He didn’t cross the finish line.
D．He was affected by his physical disability.
20．What can be the best title of the passage?
A．The Love for Sports. B．The Sport of Track and Field.
C．The Importance of Perseverance. D．The Value of True Sportsmanship.
【答案】17．C 18．B 19．A 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述的是内布拉斯加州的一名青少年Brandon Schutt在最后一次参加高中的越野跑时，帮助在比赛中受伤的来自于奥马哈伯克高中的Blake Cerveny跑完了最后几米的故事，体现了真正的体育精神。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Although it was a long shot when he came out from the starting position last Thursday, Brandon Schutt from Bellevue East High School knew if his time was good enough that day, he still had the potential to qualify for the upcoming state meet.(上周四，来自Bellevue East High School的Brandon Schutt从首发位置上出来时，虽然希望渺茫，但他知道，如果那天他的表现足够好，他仍然有可能获得即将到来的洲际锦标赛的资格。)”可知，Brandon Schutt知道虽然机会渺茫，但是自己如果表现足够好，仍然可以获得参加将来的洲际锦标赛的资格，由此可知，Schutt很清楚自己的优点和缺点。故选C项。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A mile into the 3.1-mile race, however, Schutt realized he wasn’t going to be able to keep up the necessary momentum(势头). Rather than risking injury, he slowed to a comfortable pace that would allow him to simply get pleasure from the moment and the day. (然而，在3.1英里的比赛进行到1英里时，Schutt意识到他将无法保持必要的势头。与其冒着受伤的风险，他放慢了节奏，让自己从当下和这一天中得到快乐。)”可知，在进行到1英里的时候，Schutt意识到自己无法保持必要的势头，预期冒着受伤的风险，不如享受当下和这一天中得到快乐，由此可知，Schutt慢下来是为了享受比赛。故选B项。
19．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Aiming to beat his own personal record, after a fast start, he continued to push himself hard. With less than 400 meters to go, Cerveny’s legs cramped up (抽筋), but he didn’t give up. Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on, only to fall again after another 150 meters and again. About 100 meters away from the finish line, he lay curled on the ground.(为了打破自己的个人纪录，在快速起步后，他继续努力。在距离终点不到400米的时候，Cerveny的腿抽筋了，但他没有放弃。Cerveny从地面站起身，继续前进，但又在150米后再次摔倒。距离终点线大约100米的地方，他蜷曲着躺在地上。)”可知，Cerveny为了打破自己的记录，在距离终点不到400米的时候腿抽筋的情况下没有放弃，继续前行，又在150以后再次摔倒，仍坚持到还剩大约100米的时候，蜷曲着躺在地上，由此可知，Cerveny是一个意志坚定的人。故选A项。
20．主旨大意题。根据尾段“In today’s competitive world, while the emphasis in athletics is so often on breaking records, it is inspiring to see an athlete like Brandon Schutt.(在当今竞争激烈的世界里，虽然体育运动的重点经常是打破记录，但看到像Brandon Schutt这样的运动员还是令人鼓舞的。)”以及上文中讲述的Brandon Schutt帮助自己在比赛过程中抽筋的竞争对手跑完最后几米的故事可知，体育运动的重点是打破纪录，但是在比赛过程中帮助竞争对手的体育精神更令人鼓舞，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是真正的体育精神的价值，所以题目“真正体育精神的价值”与本文的内容吻合，且体现了本文讲述的主题。故选D项。
（23-24高一上·山西·期末）A three-year drought has left millions of people in Syria, Iraq and Iran with little water. A new study says it would not have happened without human-caused climate (气候) change.
The team looked at temperature and rainfall levels. And they compared what happened in the last three years to many different computer models of the conditions in a world without human-caused climate change. They concluded that without the world warming 1.2℃ since the mid-19th century, there would not be such a serious drought at all.
“Human-caused climate change is already making life extremely hard for tens of millions of people in West Asia,” said study co-writer Mohammed Rahimi. “With every degree of warming, Syria, Iraq and Iran will become even harder places to live.
Computer models did not find any considerable signs of climate change in the low rainfall, Otto said. But evaporation (蒸发) of water in lakes, rivers, and wetlands was much higher than it would have been without climate change-increased temperatures. The study writers found that the drought conditions in Syria and Iraq are 25 times more likely because of climate change, and in Iran, 16 times more likely.
“Drought is not unusual to the Middle East area. But fights make the area even more likely to have a drought because they have weakened water systems,” said study co-writer Rana El Hajj. “This is already touching the limits of what some people are able to stand. As long as we keep burning fuels that affect climate change and continue to explore new oil and gas fields, these kinds of events will only get worse,” she added. “This will continue to destroy lives and keep food prices high.”
21．What caused the drought according to the study?
A．Rising temperatures. B．Cold weather.
C．Loss of wetlands. D．Forest damage.
22．How does climate change affect the people in West Asia?
A．They become wise. B．They explore more oil.
C．They are ready to help. D．They lead a hard life.
23．What is Rana’s attitude to the situation in the area?
A．Doubtful. B．Uncaring. C．Worried. D．Positive.
24．In which part of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Education. B．Technology. C．Health. D．Environment.
【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C 24．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了人为气候变化导致的严重干旱问题，以及这种干旱对西亚地区人民生活的影响。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They concluded that without the world warming 1.2℃ since the mid-19th century, there would not be such a serious drought at all.(他们得出的结论是，如果没有自19世纪中叶以来的全球变暖1.2℃，就不会有如此严重的干旱)”可知，干旱的原因是全球变暖，故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Human-caused climate change is already making life extremely hard for tens of millions of people in West Asia(人为气候变化已经使西亚地区数千万人的生活变得极其困难)”可知，气候变化使西亚人民的生活变得困难，故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This is already touching the limits of what some people are able to stand. As long as we keep burning fuels that affect climate change and continue to explore new oil and gas fields, these kinds of events will only get worse, she added. This will continue to destroy lives and keep food prices high.(这已经触及了一些人能够承受的极限。只要我们继续燃烧影响气候变化的燃料，并继续开发新的石油和天然气田，这种情况只会变得更糟，她补充道。这将继续摧毁生命，使食品价格居高不下)”可知，Rana对该地区的情况感到担忧，故选C。
24．主旨大意题。根据全文以及第一段内容“A three-year drought has left millions of people in Syria, Iraq and Iran with little water. A new study says it would not have happened without human-caused climate (气候) change.(三年的干旱使叙利亚、伊拉克和伊朗数百万人缺水。一项新的研究表明，如果没有人为引起的气候变化，这种情况就不会发生)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述了人为气候变化导致的严重干旱问题，以及这种干旱对西亚地区人民生活的影响，这是关于环境问题的报道，故选D。
（23-24高一下·安徽阜阳·阶段练习）A 15m sperm whale (抹香鲸) beached itself in shallow (浅的) waters over the weekend because of ill health. Beachgoers were excited about the giant whale swimming so close to the shore, with many filming the experience as swimmers went right up to it to take a closer look. One person said the whale looked “happy” as it came close to the shore before moving back to deeper water. While local swimmers were excited to see the whale, they risked their own safety and could have made the whale feel upset and anxious by swimming so close to it.
“I think it’s protecting itself from any hunters, positioning itself in a way that we might expect in an animal who’s not well and needs to rest,” said Mark Cugley, who studies whales. “It became grounded on shallow sandbars, and it would swim off again. Then it would get grounded again. That’s why we need to fully assess (评估) its health.” Mr. Cugley said experts had examined the whale and it appeared to be unwell.
Sperm whales usually live far offshore and hardly ever come into shallow water. Lone whales often beach themselves when they are sick, injured or old and are looking for shallow waters to rest, according to whales. org. But without deep water to support their weight, whales can become badly injured inside their bodies and could die at sea if humans attempted to rescue them by moving them back into deeper waters.
Authorities were deciding on the best way to kill the animal humanely in the coming days, if need be, in line with requirements of the International Whaling Convention. In the meantime, authorities would continue to pour water on the whale to keep it wet and comfortable and stop it getting hurt from the summer sun.
25．Why did the sperm whale swim to shallow waters?
A．It was in bad health. B．It was attacked by swimmers.
C．It was busy hunting. D．It was frightened by beachgoers.
26．What does the author think of local swimmers’ action?
A．It is interesting. B．It is safe. C．It is meaningful. D．It is risky.
27．How did Cugley probably feel about the sperm whale?
A．Uncaring. B．Concerned. C．Helpless. D．Surprised.
28．What can we know about beached whales from paragraph 3?
A．They want to build a better home. B．They run into trouble due to humans.
C．Their lives will be put in danger. D．Their bodies can support their weight.
【答案】25．A 26．D 27．B 28．C
【导语】本文是新闻报道。报道了一头1500米长的抹香鲸因健康状况不佳而搁浅在浅水区。
25．细节理解题，根据第一段的句子“A 15m sperm whale (抹香鲸) beached itself in shallow (浅的) waters over the weekend because of ill health.(上周末，一头1500米长的抹香鲸因健康状况不佳而搁浅在浅水区。)”可知，这头抹香鲸因健康不佳而搁浅。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“While local swimmers were excited to see the whale, they risked their own safety and could have made the whale feel upset and anxious by swimming so close to it.(虽然当地的游泳者很高兴看到鲸鱼，但他们冒着自己的安全风险，游得如此之近，可能会让鲸鱼感到不安和焦虑。)”可知，作者认为当地人游近去看搁浅的抹香鲸存在很大风险。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段““I think it’s protecting itself from any hunters, positioning itself in a way that we might expect in an animal who’s not well and needs to rest,” said Mark Cugley, who studies whales. “It became grounded on shallow sandbars, and it would swim off again. Then it would get grounded again. That’s why we need to fully assess (评估) its health.” Mr. Cugley said experts had examined the whale and it appeared to be unwell.(研究鲸鱼的马克·库格利(Mark Cugley)说:“我认为它是在保护自己不受任何猎人的伤害，以一种我们可能会想到的方式，把自己定位在一只身体不好、需要休息的动物身上。”“它搁浅在浅沙洲上，然后又会游开。然后它会再次进行。因此，我们需要全面评估它的健康状况。”库格利说，专家对这头鲸鱼进行了检查，它似乎身体不适。)”可推断，Mark Cugley对这头搁浅的抹香鲸感到很担忧。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段的“But without deep water to support their weight, whales can become badly injured inside their bodies and could die at sea if humans attempted to rescue them by moving them back into deeper waters.(但是，如果没有深水来支撑它们的体重，鲸鱼体内可能会受到严重伤害，如果人类试图通过将它们移回更深的水域来拯救它们，它们可能会死在海里。)”可知，搁浅的鲸鱼会有生命危险。故选C。
（23-24高一上·河北衡水·期末）If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become cleverer since you started to learn a language?
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes gray matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.
The study also found the younger people learn a second language, the greater the effect is. A team led by Dr Andrea Michelle, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learned a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that gray matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference.
“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible (灵活的),” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.
29．The main subject talked about in this passage is ________.
A．science on learning a second language
B．man’s ability of learning a second language
C．findings that language learning can help brain power
D．language learning and maths study
30．In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “exercise” in order to ________.
A．say language is also a kind of physical labor
B．prove that one needs more practice when he (she) is learning a language
C．to show the importance of using the language when you learn the language
D．make people believe language learning helps gray matter work well
31．The underlined word “bilingual” probably means ________.
A．a person who can speak two languages
B．a person who is good at learning foreign languages
C．a researcher on language learning
D．an active language learner
32．In the last two paragraphs, the author wants to tell us that ________.
A．learning a second language is the same as studying maths
B．early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in studying other subjects
C．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language
D．you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language
【答案】29．C 30．D 31．A 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是学习第二语言对大脑功能的积极影响以及早年学习第二语言的重要性。
29．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power.(根据英国一所大学的一项新研究，学习第二语言可以提高你的脑力。)”可知，这篇文章讨论的主题是语言学习有助于脑力的发现。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段“Researchers found that learning other languages changes gray matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.(研究人员发现，学习其他语言会改变大脑灰质。这是大脑中处理信息的区域。这与锻炼肌肉的方式类似。)”可知，在第二段，作者提到“锻炼”是为了让人们相信语言学习有助于灰质的正常工作。故选D。
31．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“had learned a second language before the age of five(五岁前学过第二语言)”可知，bilingual的意思应是“会说两种语言的人”，即a person who can speak two languages。故选A。
32．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段““Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible (灵活的),” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”(他说：“掌握两种语言为你打开了两扇世界之窗，使大脑更加灵活。你实际上超越了语言，更好地理解了不同的想法。”)”和最后一段“The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.(结果显示，越早开始学习，效果越好。科学家们解释说：“学习一门语言意味着你进入了另一个世界。”)”可知，在最后两段，作者想告诉我们早期学习第二语言对你学习其他科目有很大帮助。故选B。
（23-24高一下·湖北黄石·阶段练习）A speech in a play by Shakespeare can be as short as a word or as long as several hundred. But what is the most common length?
Staying away from Shakespeare himself for a moment, we can take Ben Jonson’s play Volpone (1606) and count the number of speeches and their lengths. The most common length is four words. The next most common length is five words. Of the other 16 Jonson’s plays, 12 also have a speech length mode (模式) of four. It was not just Jonson; it was everybody. After 1602, four-word speeches were the most common kind across all the early modern plays that survived.
The London theatre industry took off in the late 1580s and early 1590s and we see a concentration of speech length modes of nine or ten. After 1602, the mode of four predominated. If we look just at Shakespeare’s plays, we find him doing what everyone else did: changing from favoring nine-word speeches to favouring four-word speeches around 1597-1602 and never going back.
Our suggestion is that the playwrights (剧作家) learned progressively from one another how to represent more closely the speech lengths of everyday exchanges and found that audiences responded well to these. They started to focus less on strict writing rules and more on the liveliness of everyday speech.
Another way to think of this is offered by the Russian literary scholar Boris Yarkho. He put forward an “index (指数) of liveliness” — the ratio of the number of speeches to the total number of lines in a play. He researched the works of the 17th-century French playwright Pierre Corneille and found that his comedies have a higher index because of their shorter speeches. The move from a mode of nine words to a mode of four represents the shortened average speech, and thus a move to livelier drama in Yarkho’s terms.
Nevertheless, we have no record of any dramatist or playgoer reflecting on the shortening of average speech lengths; our only knowledge of it comes from counting the words in the plays for ourselves.
33．What happened in English plays around the 1600s?
A．Their storylines were about famous writers. B．They were influenced by a poetic writing style.
C．They featured different storytelling techniques. D．Their speeches were generally shorter in length.
34．What does the underlined word “predominated” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Remained unique. B．Took the leading position.
C．Disappeared slowly. D．Played an educational role.
35．Why did playwrights change their writing styles according to paragraph 4?
A．To challenge traditional writing rules. B．To stand out by applying their unique style.
C．To avoid being affected by social values. D．To create realistic and acceptable speeches.
36．Which of the following is Yarkho’s opinion on the change in plays?
A．It saved actors the trouble of memorizing their lines.
B．It reflected people's preference for serious dialogues.
C．It helped present dramas in an active and pleasant way.
D．It made the characters express their feelings effectively.
【答案】33．D 34．B 35．D 36．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，讲述了17世纪后，大多数戏剧的话语长度转向四字模式，剧作家认为较短的戏剧话语能以一种积极愉快的方式呈现戏剧。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The London theatre industry took off in the late 1580s and early 1590s and we see a concentration of speech length modes of nine or ten.(伦敦戏剧产业在1580年代末和1590年代初开始发展，我们看到演讲长度模式集中在9词或10词)”及“If we look just at Shakespeare’s plays, we find him doing what everyone else did: changing from favoring nine-word speeches to favouring four-word speeches around 1597-1602 and never going back.(如果我们只看莎士比亚的戏剧，我们会发现他做的和其他人一样：在1597-1602年左右，他从喜欢9个词的演讲变成了喜欢4个词的演讲，并且再也没有回去过)”可知，16世纪末尾，话语长度多为9词，10词，17世纪后，话语长度转向4词，话语长度变短。故选D。
34．词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“If we look just at Shakespeare’s plays, we find him doing what everyone else did: changing from favoring nine-word speeches to favouring four-word speeches around 1597-1602 and never going back.(如果我们只看莎士比亚的戏剧，我们会发现他做的和其他人一样：在1597-1602年左右，他从喜欢9个词的演讲变成了喜欢4个词的演讲，并且再也没有回去过)”可知，划线词后以莎士比亚的戏剧为例，说明话语长度变短，并且再没有变长，推知，4词模式从此处于主流领导地位，划线词意思为：处于领先地位。故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Our suggestion is that the playwrights(剧作家)learned progressively from one another how to represent more closely the speech lengths of everyday exchanges and found that audiences responded well to these. They started to focus less on strict writing rules and more on the liveliness of everyday speech.(我们的建议是，剧作家们逐渐从彼此学习如何更紧密地表达日常交流中的讲话长度，并发现观众对此反应良好。他们开始不那么关注严格的写作规则，而更多地关注日常讲话的生动活泼)”可知，剧作家写作时更加重视日常用语的生动性，因此，他们改变写作风格创造现实和可接受的演讲。故选D。
36．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The move from a mode of nine words to a mode of four represents the shortened average speech, and thus a move to livelier drama in Yarkho’s terms.(从9个词的模式到4个词的模式代表了缩短的平均讲话，因此用Yarkho的话说，这是一种更生动的戏剧)”可知，Yarkho认为，将戏剧的词数变短，有助于以一种积极愉快的方式呈现戏剧。故选C。
（23-24高三上·广东·阶段练习）One of the improv (即兴表演) classes I attended regularly was taught by Jim Cranna every Saturday afternoon. Sometimes, as many as twenty-five to sixty-plus folks showed up. Jim made sure to fit everyone in so they could improve their skills. The class lasted for three hours. The usual cast of comic actors played improv comedy games. And we would go to the nearest mini market located in the building and get a snack or coffee during breaks.
One day, three of us were standing outside the building, when Robin William — an internationally famous actor and comic walked by, enjoying the fresh bay air. Completely frozen, my fellow comics couldn’t summon up the courage to just say “hi” to Robin, who was with a friend. I froze for a moment, but then I composed myself.
I told them, “Hey, if you guys can’t handle it, then I will ask him to come and join us for the second half of class.” I could hear them mumble under their breath, “Yeah, sure, right. You’re going to ask Robin Williams to come to our comedy class. Good luck with that one!”
So I went up to Robin and his friend and asked him to join us. “We’re having an improve comedy class. We’re on break now, but we would be most humbled and honored if you would join us for the second half of the class.” Robin looked directly in my eyes and said with little hesitation, “Okay.” It was like a grown-up child being asked to come and play. With that, he and his friend followed me up to the class.
When he saw Robin, Jim said, “Oh my goodness, look who Micheline is bringing to class.” Jim’s eyes were all in astonishment and delight. “Why, it’s Robin Williams!” “Robin and his friend stayed the rest of the class and at the end of the class, Robin and Jim performed a skit (滑稽短剧). We actually watched him shape-shift as he prepared physically and mentally for his made-up character. He gave it his all. It was truly magical.”
What a delight for all of us that Saturday afternoon! All I know is that if I hadn’t gathered up the courage to ask Robin to join us, none of us would have had that experience.
37．What does the underlined word “compose” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Look down. B．Calm down. C．Make up. D．Pick up.
38．What did the author want to show by telling the experience?
A．It’s never too late to mend. B．He who laughs last laughs best.
C．A brave attempt is half success. D．Actions speak louder than words.
39．What can be inferred from the text?
A．It was the author’s patience that moved Robin Williams.
B．Jim Cranna was waiting for Robin Williams to come to the class.
C．Robin Williams gave a lecture on playing improv comedy games.
D．Micheline’s friends didn’t have the bravery to invite Robin Williams.
40．What kind of person was Robin Williams most likely to be?
A．Well-known but approachable. B．Popular but humble.
C．Respected but casual. D．Strict but generous.
【答案】37．B 38．C 39．D 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在一次即兴表演课的休息期间，偶遇了著名的喜剧演员，并鼓起勇气邀请他来为作者他们上喜剧课，以此告诉大家，敢于尝试就有可能成功。
37．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“I froze for a moment(我愣了一会儿)”以及下一句“I told them, “Hey, if you guys can’t handle it, then I will ask him to come and join us for the second half of class.” (我告诉他们，“嘿，如果你们搞不定，那我就叫他来和我们一起上下半节课。”)” 可知，作者一开始也不太敢上前邀请罗宾·威廉斯，但是后来还是开口了，说明作者是稳定了一下情绪。由此推知，划线词compose与B项：calm down(冷静下来)的意思接近。故选B项。
38．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I told them, “Hey, if you guys can’t handle it, then I will ask him to come and join us for the second half of class.” I could hear them mumble under their breath, “Yeah, sure, right. You’re going to ask Robin Williams to come to our comedy class. Good luck with that one!”(我对他们说:“嘿，如果你们搞不定的话，那我就请他来和我们一起上下半节课。”我能听到他们低声嘟囔着:“是啊，当然，没错。你要邀请罗宾·威廉姆斯来上我们的喜剧课。祝你好运!)”以及后文可知，作者和同学们偶遇著名喜剧演员却都不敢上前打招呼，最后作者鼓起勇气开口打招呼，并邀请这名喜剧演员为他们上戏剧课。结果该喜剧演员不仅毫不犹豫地同意了作者的请求，还给他们展示了精彩的表演。结合最后一段“What a delight for all of us that Saturday afternoon! All I know is that if I hadn’t gathered up the courage to ask Robin to join us, none of us would have had that experience.(那个星期六下午我们大家都很高兴!我只知道，如果我没有鼓起勇气邀请罗宾加入我们，我们都不会有这样的经历)”推知，文章想告诉我们的是敢于迈出尝试的一步，就有可能成功，即勇敢的尝试是成功的一半，C. A brave attempt is half success(勇敢的尝试是成功的一半)符合题意。故选C项。
39．推理判断题。根据第二段“Completely frozen, my fellow comics couldn’t summon up the courage to just say “hi” to Robin, who was with a friend.(我的喜剧演员同伴们完全愣住了，没能鼓起勇气向罗宾打招呼，罗宾身边还有一个朋友)”和第三段的“I told them, “Hey, if you guys can’t handle it, then I will ask him to come and join us for the second half of class.” (我告诉他们，“嘿，如果你们搞不定，那我就叫他来和我们一起上下半节课。”)”可知，作者的同伴见到著名喜剧演员罗宾·威廉斯时全都愣住了，甚至不敢上前和他打招呼，更不敢鼓起勇气邀请罗宾。故选D项。
40．推理判断题。文章第二段“One day, three of us were standing outside the building, when Robin William — an internationally famous actor and comic walked by, enjoying the fresh bay air.(有一天，我们三个人站在大楼外面，国际著名演员兼喜剧演员罗宾·威廉斯走过，享受着海湾的新鲜空气)”提到，罗宾·威廉斯很出名；再根据第四段“Robin looked directly in my eyes and said with little hesitation, “Okay.”(罗宾直视着我的眼睛，毫不犹豫地说：“好的”) ”可知，作者邀请罗宾·威廉斯为他们上课的时候，他毫不犹豫地答应了，由此可知，罗宾·威廉斯是个平易近人的人。故选A项。
（23-24高一上·四川绵阳·期末）At the sixth China International Import Expo (进口博览会) (CIIE) in Shanghai, a piece of artwork looking like a Taihu Lake Stone was the center of attention. It perfectly combined traditional craftwork with natural art, and showed the beauty of the stone after which it was modeled. What impressed the visitors most was that the “stone” was actually made entirely from bamboo.
It was the work of Qian Lihuai, an inheritor (继承者) of traditional bamboo weaving skills. In the natural material — bamboo, Qian sees a number of possibilities for artistic expression. “I’ve always thought of bamboo weaving as a kind of brush to paint the world,” he explains. The Laboratory of Cultural Trade, a cultural trade platform, was responsible for introducing Qian’s work to the CIIE. It focuses on the cultural trade industry and promoting cultural exchange and cooperation with other countries.
Yang Zhaojie, a Lab manager, explains that Qian’s work is easily understood by foreign audiences and that foreign organsizations have expressed interest in working with Qian. In March, Qian was invited to create a bamboo installation (装饰艺术), for the Italian fashion brand Bulgari. In August, he held a two-week exhibition working with a local restaurant in Tokyo. During Art Market Budapest, Hungary in October, he worked with local museums and all the pieces sold out in the first two weeks.
Yang says that the cooperation with Qian has provided both sides with fresh means for development. “During our cooperation, one of his standout qualities is his ability to push limits. At the same time, his stories encourage more young people to follow up and put themselves into inheriting traditional bamboo weaving skills,” Yang says.
41．What impressed the visitors about the art work at the CIIE?
A．It looked like a Taihu Lake Stone. B．It combined craftwork with nature.
C．It was made completely from bamboo. D．It showed how beautiful the stone was.
42．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．Qian’s hard work in three exhibitions. B．Qian’s interest in working with the Lab.
C．Qian’s popularity among foreign museums. D．Qian’s cooperation with foreign organizations.
43．What does Yang think of Qian?
A．Skilled and responsible. B．Proud and outstanding.
C．Creative and inspiring. D．Honest and influential.
44．In which section of a website can you find this passage?
A．Fashion. B．Health. C．Travel. D．People.
【答案】41．C 42．D 43．C 44．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是竹编技艺传承人钱利淮的作品在上海第六届中国轨迹进口博览会成为人们关注的焦点，并介绍了竹编技艺促进了各国的文化交流和合作。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“What impressed the visitors most was that the ‘stone’ was actually made entirely from bamboo.(最让游客印象深刻的是，‘石头’实际上是完全由竹子制成的。)”可知，最让游客印象深刻的是艺术品“石头”完全由竹子制成。故选C项。
42．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Yang Zhaojie, a Lab manager, explains that Qian’s work is easily understood by foreign audiences and that foreign organsizations have expressed interest in working with Qian.(实验室经理杨兆杰解释说，钱的工作很容易被外国观众理解，外国机构也表达了与钱合作的兴趣。)”以及下文中的列举的竹编继承人钱利淮与一些国际组织的合作情况可知，本段主要介绍的是钱利淮与国际组织的合作。故选D项。
43．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“‘During our cooperation, one of his standout qualities is his ability to push limits. At the same time, his stories encourage more young people to follow up and put themselves into inheriting traditional bamboo weaving skills,’ Yang says.(‘在我们的合作中，他突出的品质之一是他突破极限的能力。与此同时，他的故事鼓励更多的年轻人跟进并投身于继承传统的竹编技艺，’杨说。)”可知，杨认为钱利淮具有突破极限的能力，企鹅他的故事鼓励更多的年轻人投入到继承传统的竹编技艺中，由此可知，杨认为钱具有创造力并令人鼓舞。故选C项。
44．推理判断题。根据首段中的“At the sixth China International Import Expo (进口博览会) (CIIE) in Shanghai, a piece of artwork looking like a Taihu Lake Stone was the center of attention.(在上海举行的第六届中国国际进口博览会(进口博览会)(CIIE)上，一件看起来像太湖石的艺术品成为人们关注的焦点。)”以及第二段中的“It was the work of Qian Lihuai, an inheritor (继承者) of traditional bamboo weaving skills. In the natural material—bamboo, Qian sees a number of possibilities for artistic expression.(这是传统竹编技艺的传承人钱利淮的作品。在竹子这种天然材料中，钱看到了许多艺术表现的可能性。)”以及下文介绍的钱利淮与国际组织的合作情况可知，本文主要介绍的是传统竹编技艺传承人钱利淮的作品在上海第六届中国国际进口博览会上成为人们关注的焦点，并与国际作者合作，促进各国的文化交流，由此可知，本文应是选自网站中的“人物”栏目。故选D项。
（23-24高一下·河南南阳·阶段练习）Researchers have developed a new soft robot design that conducts itself with three behaviours at the same time: rolling (翻滚) forward. turning like a record and following a path that goes around a central point. The equipment, which operates without human or computer control, holds promise for developing soft robots that can be used to AA-head and map unknown environments.
The new soft robots are called twisted ring-bots (扭曲环机器人) . They are made of something like the ribbon (缎带) and then joined together at the end to form a ring.
When the robots are placed on a surface that is at least 55 degrees Celsius, which is hotter than the surrounding air, one part of the ribbon touching the surface becomes smaller, while one part in the air does not. This induces a rolling movement: the warmer the surface, the faster the robot rolls. “The ribbon rolls on its horizontal axis (横轴) , giving the ring forward strength,” says Jie Yin, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering.
The twisted ring-bot also turns along its central axis. And as the twisted ring-bot moves forward it travels in a path around a central point, basically moving in a large circle. However, if the twisted ring-bot meets a boundary- like the wall of a box-it will travel along the boundary.
The twisted ring-bots are examples of equipment whose behaviour is governed by physical intelligence, meaning their actions are determined by their structural design and the materials they are made of, rather than being directed by a computer or human.
“Soft robotics is still a relatively new field.” Yin says. “Finding new ways to control the movement of soft robots in a repeatable and engineered way moves the field forward. And advancing our understanding of what is possible is exciting.”
45．What makes the robot roll faster and faster?
A．The ribbon. B．The central axis.
C．The shape and material. D．The higher surface temperature.
46．How does the author introduce the new soft robots?
A．By explaining the robot’s working ways. B．By quoting experts’ opinions.
C．By making some comparisons. D．By offering reasons and results.
47．What is Yin’s attitude towards twisted ring-bots?
A．Unclear. B．Favourable. C．Negative. D．Doubtful.
48．What is the best title for the text?
A．The New Soft Robots B．Ribbons and Their Rolling
C．Three Creative Movements D．Twisted Rings and the Axis
【答案】45．D 46．A 47．B 48．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型软体机器人，即扭曲环机器人的相关工作原理和特点等。
45．细节理解题。根据第三段的“When the robots are placed on a surface that is at least 55 degrees Celsius, which is hotter than the surrounding air, one part of the ribbon touching the surface becomes smaller, while one part in the air does not. This induces a rolling movement: the warmer the surface, the faster the robot rolls.( 机器人被放置在至少55摄氏度的表面上，这比周围的空气要热，接触表面的带子的一部分会变小，而空气中的一部分则不会。这引起了一个滚动运动：表面越热，机器人滚动得越快。)”可知，其接触表面的温度越高，旋转越快。故选D。
46．推理判断题。根据第三段的“When the robots are placed on a surface that is at least 55 degrees Celsius, which is hotter than the surrounding air, one part of the ribbon touching the surface becomes smaller, while one part in the air does not. This induces a rolling movement: the warmer the surface, the faster the robot rolls.( 机器人被放置在至少55摄氏度的表面上，这比周围的空气要热，接触表面的带子的一部分会变小，而空气中的一部分则不会。这引起了一个滚动运动：表面越热，机器人滚动得越快。)”和第四段的“The new soft robots are called twisted ring-bots (扭曲环机器人) . They are made of something like the ribbon (缎带) and then joined together at the end to form a ring.(这种新型软体机器人被称为“扭曲环机器人”。它们是由类似缎带的东西制成的，然后在末端连接在一起形成一个环。)”可知，作者主要通过介绍扭曲环机器人的相关工作原理来阐述其是一种新型软体机器人。故选A。
47．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的““Soft robotics is still a relatively new field.” Yin says. “Finding new ways to control the movement of soft robots in a repeatable and engineered way moves the field forward. And advancing our understanding of what is possible is exciting.”(“软机器人仍然是一个相对较新的领域。”Yin说。“寻找以可重复和工程化的方式控制软机器人运动的新方法将推动该领域向前发展，推进我们对可能性的理解是令人兴奋的。”)”可知，Yin对新型软体机器人是满怀希望的。故选B。
48．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Researchers have developed a new soft robot design that conducts itself with three behaviours at the same time: rolling (翻滚) forward. turning like a record and following a path that goes around a central point. The equipment, which operates without human or computer control, holds promise for developing soft robots that can be used to AA-head and map unknown environments.( 研究人员开发了一种新的软体机器人设计，它同时具有三种行为：翻滚向前，像唱片一样旋转，沿着一条绕着中心点的路径。该设备无需人工或计算机控制，有望开发出可用于自动识别和绘制未知环境地图的软机器人。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了新型软体机器人——扭曲环机器人的相关工作原理和特点等。因此推断A项“新软体机器人”为最佳标题。故选A。
（23-24高一上·浙江·期中）Years ago, many Mexican gray wolves lived in the United States. In the 1800s, cattle farmers were worried that these wolves would hunt and eat their farm animals. During the 1800s and 1900s, farmers killed many of these wolves to try to protect their animals. These wolves almost went extinct.
In 1976, the U. S. government passed the Endangered Species Act. These wolves were finally protected! And with help, the species continues to survive today.
The White Mountain Apache Tribe (部落)has played an important role in keeping this species alive. They live on a large area of land in Arizona called the Fort Apache Indian Reservation. This area is also a wolf habitat.
Krista Beazley is a wolf biologist on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation. She tracks the movements of Mexican gray wolves that live on the land. Scientists have put special radio collars on wolves. These collars send out beeping signals (蜂鸣信号)to a special hand-held antenna (手持天线). Biologists like Beazley use these antennas to track the wolves. She also follows their footprints and droppings. Wolf droppings tell biologists what the wolf ate, where it spends much of its time, and if it is sick. Beazley makes sure the wolves are alive and healthy.
The number of Mexican gray wolves living on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation is growing. Despite this remarkable progress, the species is still endangered. The White Mountain Apache Tribe continues to try to protect these wolves.
The White Mountain Apache Tribe also works to protect many other rare plant and animal species. For example, they saved the Apache trout from extinction by closing certain areas to fishing and by building trout habitats. They also protect habitats for animals like the Mexican spotted owl. The White Mountain Apache Tribe has a close connect ion with all of nature. Tribe members believe humans must honor the animals and nature around them.
49．Why did Mexican gray wolves almost die out during the 1800s and 1900s?
A．They were eaten by farm animals. B．They were killed by cattle farmers.
C．Government passed laws to hunt them. D．They hardly survived in the extreme climates.
50．What was the result of the Endangered Species Act being passed?
A．The Mexican gray wolf was protected.
B．The Mexican gray wolf disappeared completely.
C．The White Mountain Apache Tribe settled in Arizona.
D．The Fort Apache Indian Reservation became a wolf habitat.
51．What may best describe Krista Beazley?
A．Kind and courageous. B．Careful and confident.
C．Hardworking and caring. D．Responsible and humorous.
52．What do we know about the White Mountain Apache Tribe?
A．They care about animals and nature around them.
B．They work hard to build habitats for all animals.
C．Their unique task is to protect Mexican gray wolves.
D．They try to keep Mexican gray wolves from increasing.
【答案】49．B 50．A 51．C 52．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了墨西哥灰狼过去和现在的情况。
49．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“In the 1800s, cattle farmers were worried that these wolves would hunt and eat their farm animals. During the 1800s and 1900s, farmers killed many of these wolves to try to protect their animals. These wolves almost went extinct. (在19世纪，养牛户担心这些狼会猎杀并吃掉他们的牲畜。在19世纪和20世纪，农民为了保护他们的动物，杀死了许多这种狼。这些狼几乎灭绝了。)”可知，墨西哥灰狼在19世纪和20世纪几乎灭绝他们被养牛的农民杀死了。故选B。
50．细节理解题。由文章第二段“In 1976, the U. S. government passed the Endangered Species Act. These wolves were finally protected! And with help, the species continues to survive today. (1976年，美国政府通过了《濒危物种法案》。这些狼终于得到了保护！在人们的帮助下，这个物种得以延续至今。)”可知，《濒危物种法》通过的结果是墨西哥灰狼受到了保护。故选A。
51．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Krista Beazley is a wolf biologist on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation. She tracks the movements of Mexican gray wolves that live on the land. Scientists have put special radio collars on wolves. These collars send out beeping signals(蜂鸣信号)to a special hand-held antenna(手持天线). Biologists like Beazley use these antennas to track the wolves. She also follows their footprints and droppings. Wolf droppings tell biologists what the wolf ate, where it spends much of its time, and if it is sick. Beazley makes sure the wolves are alive and healthy. (克里斯塔·比兹利是阿帕奇堡印第安保留地的一名狼生物学家。她跟踪生活在这片土地上的墨西哥灰狼的活动。科学家们给狼戴上了特殊的无线电项圈。这些项圈会向一个特殊的手持天线发出蜂鸣声信号。像比兹利这样的生物学家用这些天线来追踪狼。她还会追踪它们的脚印和粪便。狼的粪便告诉生物学家狼吃什么，在哪里度过大部分时间，如果它生病了。比兹利要确保狼群活得健康。)”可知，克里斯塔·比兹利即勤奋又细心。故选C。
52．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Tribe members believe humans must honor the animals and nature around them.(部落成员认为人类必须尊重周围的动物和自然。)”可知，白山阿帕奇部落的人关心周围的动物和大自然。故选A。
（23-24高一上·新疆阿克苏·期末）Iceland is a northern European country with amazing natural beauty and oceans around. There are a number of volcanoes (火山). It has a short summer which lasts from June to August. The long winter starts from September and ends next May.
Summer in Iceland is a golden season for tourists. Every year, people from all over the world come here to see the beautiful sights and enjoy the exciting whale-seeing.
In winter, when people in Iceland finish their daily work, they will have different special activities to spend the long dark night. Skating, riding snow motorbikes and having parties can really make an exciting night. After all the fun, a hot bath must be the first choice to relax. There are also story-telling activities for children, which can teach them to be strong and kind. The most popular stories are about Christmas in Iceland.
Because of a long cold winter, Iceland has a short growing season. The food problem was always a headache for Iceland in the past. It had to buy most of its food from other countries, Later, when farmers learned to use lights and underground heat to grow crops (庄稼) all year round in the greenhouse, things changed a lot.
Living in such a nice environment, most people in Iceland live a happy life. According to a survey about happiness made each year in Europe, Iceland is always among the top 3.
53．In which part of magzaine can you probably find the text?
A．Sport B．Technology C．Travel D．Culture
54．What does the underlined word “It” refer to (指代) in Paragraph 1?
A．The ocean. B．Iceland. C．Natural beauty. D．The volcano.
55．Why does Iceland have a short growing season?
A．Because there are oceans around.
B．Because there is a long hot summer.
C．Because there is a long cold winter.
D．Because there are a number of volcanoes.
56．What can be the best title of the passage?
A．Iceland, a Poor Country B．Food Problems in Iceland
C．Colorful Activities in Iceland D．Iceland, an Amazing Country
【答案】53．C 54．B 55．C 56．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰岛的自然美景、夏季的旅游景点、冬季的特殊活动、冰岛的食物问题以及冰岛人的幸福生活。
53．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Summer in Iceland is a golden season for tourists. Every year, people from all over the world come here to see the beautiful sights and enjoy the exciting whale-seeing.(冰岛的夏天是游客的黄金季节。每年，来自世界各地的人们来到这里欣赏美丽的景色，享受令人兴奋的观鲸活动。)”可推知，我们很可能在杂志的旅游部分找到这篇文章。故选C项。
54．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Iceland is a northern European country with amazing natural beauty and oceans around.(冰岛是一个北欧国家，拥有令人惊叹的自然美景和海洋。)”可知，本段主要介绍冰岛的情况，所以划线词it指代“冰岛”。故选B项。
55．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Because of a long cold winter, Iceland has a short growing season.(由于漫长寒冷的冬天，冰岛的生长期很短。)”可知，冰岛的生长期很短是因为有一个漫长寒冷的冬天。故选C项。
56．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了冰岛的自然美景、夏季的旅游景点、冬季的特殊活动、冰岛的食物问题以及冰岛人的幸福生活，所以D选项“冰岛，一个神奇的国家”能概括全文内容，适合用作文章标题。故选D项。
（20-21高一上·吉林通化·阶段练习）Some students get so nervous before a test. They do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock, a professor at the University of Chicago in Illinois, has studied these highly anxious test-takers. The students start worrying about the results. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources.
Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.
The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12% worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%. Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test. Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B⁺, compared to a B⁻ for those who did not.
“What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who'd done our writing intervention (干预), all of a sudden there was no relationship between test fear and performance. They were performing just as well as their classmates who don't normally get nervous in these tests.”
But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance.
57．What do the students start worrying about before an exam?
A．Whether they can pass the exam.
B．What other students do during the test.
C．Whether they have remembered the materials.
D．What kind of problems they will meet on the test paper.
58．What is the solution developed by researchers?
A．Making the students focused on the test.
B．Asking the students to sit quietly before the test.
C．Having the students write about their worries about the test.
D．Asking the students to direct the attention away from the test.
59．According to Professor Beilock, those who thought about things unrelated to the test ________.
A．became less nervous before the test
B．did worse than those who wrote about their feelings
C．were better at controlling their feelings
D．did better than those who wrote about their feelings
60．We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.
A．writing about our worries before an exam can work a bit
B．we can only write about our worries right before an exam
C．the best place to write about our worries is in the test room before an exam
D．it doesn’t matter where and when we write about our worries before an exam
【答案】57．A 58．C 59．B 60．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，在考试前写下自己对考试的担忧可以缓解考前焦虑，提高考试成绩。文章对此进行了介绍。
57．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“The students start worrying about the results.(学生们开始担心考试结果。)”可知，学生在考试之前会开始担心是否能通过考试。故选A。
58．细节理解题。根据第二段“Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.(贝洛克教授和另一位研究员赫拉尔多·拉米雷斯提出了一种可能的解决方案。考试前，高度焦虑的考生会花十分钟写下他们对考试的担忧。)”可知，研究人员开发的解决方案是让学生写下他们对考试的担忧。故选C。
59．细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.(研究人员在一组20名焦虑的大学生身上测试了这个想法。他们给了他们两个简短的数学测试。在第一次测试之后，他们要求学生们要么安静地坐着，要么写下他们对即将到来的第二次测试的感受。)”和第四段前两句“Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of 12% worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of 5%.(贝洛克教授说，那些安静地坐着的学生在第二次测试中的平均得分要低12%。但是那些写下自己恐惧的学生的成绩平均提高了5%。)”可知，根据贝洛克教授的说法，那些思考与测试无关的事情的人比那些写下自己感受的人表现得更差。故选B。
60．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance.(但是，如果学生没有机会在考试前立即写下他们的恐惧呢？贝洛克教授说，学生们可以在家里或图书馆自己尝试，仍然可以提高他们的成绩。)”可知，在考试前，我们在何时何地写下我们的担忧并不重要。故选D。
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