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专题02 必修第一册 Unit2 Sports and fitness 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型
B1U2重点单词变形
1． n．运动员→athletic adj.运动的
2． n．发生的频率，发生率→frequently adv.时常，经常→frequent adj.频繁的，经常的
3． vt.更喜欢→preference n．偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物
4． adj.均衡的→balance vt.平衡；权衡 n．天平；平衡；余额
5． n.冠军，第一名→championship n．冠军地位
6． n．激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感→inspire vt.启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞→inspired adj.受到启示的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的
7． n．替换的人(物)→replace vt.取代，替换，代替
8． n．渴望→desirable adj.值得拥有的；可取的
9． vi.& vt.聚集，聚合→gathering n．集会；聚集
10． adv.严厉地，毫不客气地→sharp adj.锋利的，尖的；急剧的
11． n．力量，活力→energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的；积极的
12． n．人群→crowded adj.拥挤的
13． n．通告，公告→announce vt.宣布，通告 →announcer n．广播员，节目主持人
14． n．防守队员，后卫→defend vt.保护，保卫
15． vi.& vt.(使)强健→strong adj.强壮的→strength n．力气；强项
16． n．尤其，特别 adj.特定的→particularly adv.特殊地，特别地
17． n．好处，益处→beneficial adj.有益的
18． n．设备，装备→equip v．配备
19． vt. 预防；阻止，阻挡→prevention n．预防；防范→preventable adj.可预防的
20． n．减轻，缓解→relieve vt.解除；减轻，缓和
21． adj.可完成的；做得成的→achieve v．实现，获得→achievement n．成就
22． n．满足，满意→satisfy vt.使满意→satisfied adj.感到满意的→satisfying adj.令人满意的
B1U2重点词组再现
根据语境及汉语提示填入合适的短语
1．He is not so handsome but is (健康状况良好) with nice broad shoulders.
2．They could not (跟上) us when we climbed the mountain.
3．She is (参加选拔赛) the school play.
4．His hard work will eventually (得到回报).
5．It's not easy for him to get around because his leg (受伤).
6．True happiness should be something that I can obtain (独自).
7．We should help him (而不是) he should help us.
8．She noticed a car (猛撞) a big tree nearby.
9．The club members (集合), exchanging ideas and information.
10．Their son did well in all subjects, and rarely (让他们失望)。
11．At present, there is no telescope in existence that (能够) detecting the presence of life.
12．They agreed to establish a task force to (起草) a formal agreement.
13．She loves the song (尤其), because her mother used to sing it.
14．I really (对……感到厌烦) this weather—why can't it be sunny for a change?
15．Try as we would, we could not get him to (振作起来).
16．He glanced around to (确保) that the audience were ready to hear his speech.
17．All students (报名) for the coming sports meeting actively.
B1U2重点句型
- “be about to do...”意为“即将或正要做……”
(教材P31)The last quarter was about to begin, and my team was behind by 10 points.
最后一节即将开始，我们队已经落后了10分。
(1)句中was about to begin表示马上就要发生的事，不强调主观，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。
(2)be about to do sth.when...
刚要做某事这时……
had just done sth.when...
刚做过某事这时……
be doing sth.when... 正在做某事这时……
[佳句]He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.
他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空
(1)I had just finished sweeping the floor the telephone rang.
(2)I (watch) TV when my little brother burst in.
(3)The teacher was about to do an experiment a student knocked over the equipment by accident.
(4)现在不要出去了，我们马上就要吃午饭了。
Don't go out now；we ．
(教材P31)“I don't think I can play anymore, coach，”I said quietly as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee.
当医生把冰袋放在我的膝盖上时，我平静地说，“我认为我不能再打球了，教练。”
(1)as引导时间状语从句时，意为 “随着……”，强调主从句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。
(2)as还可引导下列从句类型：
①方式状语从句，意为“按照、如同……”；
②原因状语从句，意为“因为、既然”；
③让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
[佳句]We all cheered as we watched the national flag rising in the Olympic Games on TV.
在电视上看到国旗在奥运会会场上升起的时候，我们都欢呼起来。
[练练不忘]——写出下列句中as引导的从句类型
(1)As the world's population continues to grow, the list of food becomes more and more of a concern.
(2)He did not need to keep moving house as his father had.
(3)Happy as they were, there was something missing.
一句多译
随着中国的发展，汉语变得越来越重要。
(4)Chinese is becoming more and more important.(as)
(5)Chinese is becoming more and more important.(with复合结构)
[温馨提示]
as意为“随着”时，意思同with，但with为介词，后面不跟从句。
(教材P36)My friend suggested I should try long－distance running.
我的朋友建议我应该试一下长跑。
在表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的从句中用“should＋动词原形”构成虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。这类动词可以速记为：
一坚持(insist)；二命令(command、order)；三建议(advise、suggest、propose)；四要求(request、require、demand、desire)。与这些动词相对应的名词后的同位语从句或表语从句中谓语动词也用虚拟语气。
[佳句]I suggest that you (should) begin from Beijing, and I'll show you around.
我建议你从北京出发，我会带你四处看看。
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空
(1)Her expression suggested that she (be) angry.
(2)We suggested that the meeting (be) put off till next week.
(3)The manager put forward a suggestion that we (have) an assistant.There is too much work to do.
句式升级
(4)People suggest that Mr Smith should take over the work.
→ Mr Smith should take over the work.(it作形式主语)
insist表示“坚持说、坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，其后的从句用陈述语气。
4.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
(教材P38)Nothing gives one more satisfaction than realising that all the sweat and hard work were worth it in the end. 没有什么能比最终意识到所有汗水和努力锻炼都是值得的更能给人满足感。
本句中否定词nothing与比较级more satisfaction连用，表示最高级含义。表示最高级含义的几种特殊结构：
(1)“否定词＋比较级”意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no、not、never、nothing、nobody、hardly等；
(2)“can/could＋never/not...enough/too...”意为“再……也不过分”。
[佳句]As far as I'm concerned, nothing is more important than studying hard.
就我个人而言，没有什么比努力学习更重要。
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空
(1)I'm really grateful for your help; nobody else could do (much).
(2)You can't be careful when crossing the street.
一句多译
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
(3)Tom is in his class.(最高级)
(4)Tom is student in his class.(比较级)
(5) than Tom in his class.(否定词＋比较级)
B1U2核心词汇全面攻破
(1)prefer to do/doing... 更喜欢做……
prefer sb.to do... 更喜欢让某人做……
prefer (doing) sth.to (doing) sth. 宁愿(做)某事而不愿(做)某事
prefer that...(should) do... 更愿意……
(2)preference n. 偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物
have/show a preference for... 偏爱……
[佳句]They preferred that the money (should) be used for building schools and hospitals.
他们更愿意拿这笔钱来建学校和医院。
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空
(1)We most prefer (say) yes to the requests of someone we know and like.
(2)A teacher should not show a preference any one of his pupils.
(3)I am busy preparing for the final examination.I prefer that you (come) tomorrow rather than today.
(1)a balanced diet 均衡的饮食
(2)balance n. 平衡；天平；余额
vt. 平衡；权衡；使相等
keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡
on balance 总的来说
balance...against 权衡，比较
[佳句]If you have a balanced diet, you are getting all the vitamins you need.
如果你的饮食均衡，就能获得你所需要的全部维生素。
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)Before making the final decision, you'd better balance the advantages the disadvantages.
(2)Having a (balance) diet is of great importance, especially for teens who are growing up.
(3) balance, we have a good chance of winning the race.
(4)(2022·全国甲卷)海洋不仅为我们提供了充足的食物，而且保持了自然的平衡。
Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food, but it also ．（应用文写作之海洋保护）
(1)replace v. 替换，代替；把…… 放回原处
replace...with/by... 用……替换……
(2)in place of 代替
take one's place 代替；就座
take the place of 代替
out of place 不在合适的位置
[佳句]It is hard to find a replacement for our assistant.
找到一个人来代替我们的助手很难。
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空
(1)I am going to replace my battered car a new one.
(2)We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee (replace) operation.
(2)desire (sb.) to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事
desire that...(should) do... 渴望……(应该)做……
(教材P30)Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team.
所有人都知道保罗技能出众、训练刻苦，并极度渴望为球队效力。
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空
(1)She has no desire the life in the city.That's because she can't adapt to the fast pace of the life there.
(2)The government desired that the public(pay) attention to protecting the environment.
(3)I desire (have) the chance to become a volunteer.（应用文写作之申请信）
一句多译(个人发展与提升)
每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。
(4)Everyone while success only belongs to the hard-working people.(desire n．)
(5)Everyone while success only belongs to the hard-working people.(desire v．)
[温馨提示] desire不用于进行时态。
(1)make an announcement 下通知；宣布
(2)announce v. 宣布，通告
announce sth.to sb.(＝announce to sb.sth.)
向某人宣布某事
It is announced that...
据称……，据宣布……
(3)announcer n. 广播员，播音员
[佳句]We were walking to the car when he made an announcement.
我们正走向车子，这时他宣布了自己的决定。
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空
(1)The made an that all the details should through the broadcast.(announce)
(2)Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition us.
一句多译
老师向学生们宣布下周要举行英语竞赛。
(3)The teacher that there would be an English contest next week.(announce v．)
(4)The teacher that there would be an English contest next week.(announcement n．)
[温馨提示]
announce不能跟双宾语，如果要表达“向某人宣布某事”，要用announce sth.to sb.。类似用法的动词还有explain、say、report、describe、suggest、mention、express等。
6. defence n.防守队员，后卫；保卫，防御；辩护
(1)in defence of 保卫……；为……辩护
in one's defence 为某人辩护
come to one's defence 来保护某人
(2)defend vt. 防御；保护，保卫；辩解，辩白，
(为……)辩护
defend sb./sth.from/against... 保护某人/物免受……
defend oneself against... 为自己辩护
(3)defensive adj. 防御性的；自我保护的
[佳句]Having a balanced diet helps the body defend itself from/against some kinds of infections.
均衡饮食帮助身体抵御一些感染。
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空
(1)The trees planted at the end of the 1990s have become a powerful (defend) against the strong wind.
(2)He planned to learn kung fu in the summer holidays so that he can defend himself being attacked.
- 7.occupy vt.占有；居住；占用，占去(时间)
(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.
忙于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事
(2)be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事
be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n. 占领；职业，工作
[佳句]He would have attended your birthday party but he had occupied himself with a very important experiment.
他本来想参加你的生日晚会，但是他忙于一个非常重要的实验。
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空
(1)Helen was fully occupied business matters, so we didn't want to bother her.
(2)The old man is occupied in (write) his autobiography.
(3)As is described in the picture, a young man occupied (he) with all kinds of certificates.
一句多译
她整天忙于家务，很少出去旅行。
(4) all day, she seldom goes travelling.(现在分词作状语)
(5) all day, she seldom goes travelling.(过去分词作状语)
(1)relieve sb.of... 将某人从……中解脱出来
(2)relief n. (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；
减轻痛苦的事物；宽慰
in relief 如释重负；显著地，鲜明地
to one's relief (＝to the relief of sb.) 令某人欣慰的是
with relief 欣慰地；宽慰地
It is a relief to do sth. 做某事很放心。
(3)relieved adj. 宽慰的；宽心的
[佳句]These stories can relieve my stress and broaden my horizons.
这些故事可以缓解我的压力，开阔我的视野。
[练练不忘]——单句语法填空
(1)What relief! The difficulty has been overcome by the combined efforts of the whole team.
(2)I'm (relieve) to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
(3)We all sighed relief when the plane finally landed safely.
(4)A secretary was hired to relieve her some of the administrative work.
B1U2 本单元核心素养自查
Ⅰ.单元词汇串记
请用本单元所学词汇的适当形式完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
in particular，disappointment，prefer，regularly，prevent，clap，amazingly，balanced
I 1. to play outdoor sports，such as golf，cycling，and jogging rather than do sports in the gym，such as badminton，gymnastics and bowling.In all the sports，jogging 2._ has many benefits.Firstly，you don't need a gym membership or any equipment.Besides，it is not a competitive sport，so you needn't worry about crashing into others and even the old are capable of doing it.Not only does jogging help to strengthen your immune system and muscles but it also can 3. diseases.What's more，jogging can help relieve your stress and reduce your blood pressure，with more oxygen flowing in your heart.
However，I must remind you that you'd better not have a strong desire to lose weight by jogging overnight.Perhaps one day you may be fed up with jogging and you may quit halfway in 4.．There is no shortcut，so you ought to make an achievable goal.Make sure you take a proper amount of exercise 5. and have a 6. diet，and you will be in good shape.I have been jogging every morning for 5 years and to my satisfaction，my sweat pays off.You can see me bouncing on the stairs as if I had endless energy.Just last month，I signed up for the annual sports meet of our company.7.，I was the first to cross the finishing line in three races.When all the audience stood up and 8. their hands for me，so amazed was I to be a champion who had won a gold medal.
Ⅱ.一词多义无障碍
1．awkward
(1)(2021·全国乙卷)Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers.
(2)The child is still awkward with his chopsticks.
(3)I must have slept in an awkward position — I'm aching all over.
(4)This machine is awkward to handle.
2．case
(1)When it comes to wasting money，my buying this car is a case in point.
(2)But that is not always the case，sometimes the table can turn.
(3)The case involved charges of police corruption.
(4)We ordered 3 cases of beer for the party.
3．crowd
A．n.人群；一群(人) B．vi.群集，聚集
C．vt.(想法或观点)涌入(脑子) D．vt.推，挤
(1)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened.
(2)The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down.
(3)On hearing what he said，a lot of confused thoughts crowded my brain.
(4)We all crowded around the speaker，listening to him carefully.
4．sight
(1)Overseas visitors are impressed by the beautiful sights of Beijing.
(2)The practice of hanging flags is a common sight in many parts of the country on National Day.
(3)We may think we're living in a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new.
(4)The disease has affected her sight，bringing her a lot of inconvenience.
(5)When seeing the old man walking slowly out of sight，I burst into tears.
5．tip
A. n．小费 B. n．技巧；提示 C. n．尖；尖端 D．vt.付小费 E．v.倾倒；(使)倾斜
(1)(2022·全国甲卷)And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego，the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.
(2)After I had my hair cut，I gave the hairdresser a tip.
(3)Here are some tips on how to make friends.
(4)The wind blew and the plants began to shake，tipping their leaves.
(5)She tipped the waiter two dollars for his excellent service.
6．track
A．n.足迹；轨迹 B．n.小路，小径
C．n.跑道；径赛运动 D．vt.跟踪；追踪
(1)(2022·全国Ⅰ卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
(2)(2022·浙江卷)Uncle Paul cried，“and keep to the track so that you don't get lost！”
(3)Being an athlete is very fun，painful and exciting.Every time I come to the track，I feel like I'm out of this place.
(4)The only means of access to the building is along a muddy track.
Ⅲ.熟词生义猜的快
1．(2022·全国甲卷)The three dogs formed a pack that，with coaching，respected Flora's space.
A．收拾(行李) B．包装
C．一群，一伙
2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Human speech contains more than 2，000 different sounds，from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.
A．吸气音 B．作滴答声
C．点击
3．(2021·浙江卷6月)Many people in China have limited exposure to English.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
A．额外的 B．额外的事物
C．格外
4．Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview，my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf.It fell and crashed beside the cake.
A．撞(车)；撞毁 B．暴跌
C．猛撞
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
A．频繁的 B．经常的
C．常去，常到
Ⅳ.核心词汇强化练
1．I feel (amaze) that many people are eager to get the position which does not offer much money.
2．It is the powerful military force that defends our country invaders.
3．To deal with pressure，you'd better have a (balance) lifestyle；that is，you are supposed to have a well-planned schedule.
4．Don't be too concerned about stress，which is (benefit) to us to some extent actually.
5．At the moment，I must remind you _ (contact) the charity to seek some help.
6．To be frank，my desire _ (become) a volunteer never leaves me for a moment.
7．We are advised to take a first-aid kit case of unexpected injuries when traveling.
8．I believe that my son has the competence to finish the challenging task perfectly and he won't let me ．
9． (occupy) in revising their lessons for the College Entrance Examination，these senior three students have no leisure time.
10．The expert is particular the quality of hardware and thus won't buy a computer without a certificate.
11．Seeing the big stone removed from the major road，the old man smiled satisfaction.
12．Knowing that my son has become increasingly confident，I sighed relief.
13．In other words，he，rather than I，_ (intend) to experience the challenging experiment in person up to now.
14．Many students are addicted to surfing the Internet；that's there's something attractive on it.
15．Nobody is _ (professional) at repairing computers than Mr.Brown in the town.
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