This is the third time I have been here.All visitors to this town ①are treated with kindness.It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.The town life has changed greatly since 1992.People are recycling many things which ②were thrown away in the past.The Town Hall which ③was completed in the 1800's was the most distinguished building at that time.Great changes have taken place in the town and a lot of factories ④have been set up.The church tower which ⑤is being restored will be open to tourists soon, because the work ⑥willbe finished.
1．一般现在时的被动语态的构成是：am/is/are＋过去分词，如加黑处。
2．一般过去时的被动语态的构成是：was/were＋过去分词，如加黑处。
3．现在进行时的被动语态的构成是：am/is/are being＋过去分词，如加黑处。
4．现在完成时的被动语态的构成是：have/has been＋过去分词，如加黑处。
5．一般将来时的被动语态的构成是：will/shall be＋过去分词，如加黑处。 精讲精练
一、基本知识
(一)概念
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。
(二)构成
被动语态一般由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。
(三)用法
1．讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。(这时可省略by短语)
*My bike was stolen last night.
我的自行车昨晚被偷了。
2．借助被动的动作突出动作的受动者。
*The bike was knocked down by a naughty boy.
这辆自行车被一个调皮的小男孩撞倒了。
3．为使句子更加合理、流畅。
*The plan was supported by those who wished to live on the campus.
这项计划得到了希望住在校内的人的支持。
4．习惯用法的需要。这类词常见的有born、determine、devote、seat、dress、situate等。
*He was born in China in 2017.
他于2017年出生在中国。
[即时演练1]——单句语法填空
(1)If nothing (do)，the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
(2)The old tower (build) in 1976 and is now still in a good state.
(3)—So what is the procedure?
—All the applicants (interview) before a final decision is made by the authority.
二、形式
时态名称
被动语态形式
一般现在时
am/is/are＋过去分词
一般过去时
was/were＋过去分词
一般将来时
will/shall＋be＋过去分词
过去将来时
would＋be＋过去分词
现在进行时
am/is/are＋being＋过去分词
过去进行时
was/were＋being＋过去分词
现在完成时
have/has＋been＋过去分词
过去完成时
had＋been＋过去分词
*The boy is often heard to play the piano.
人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。
*She was seen to enter the hall.
有人看见她进了大厅。
*A new house will be built by us next year.
明年我们要建一栋新房子。
*The problem is being discussed at the meeting.
会议上正在讨论这个问题。
*A meeting was being held when I arrived there.
我到那儿时，正在开会。
*All these flowers have been watered.
这些花都浇过了。
*The building had been completed before I arrived there.
在我到那之前那座建筑就已竣工了。
*These books may be kept for two weeks.
这些书可以借两周。
[温馨提示]
被动语态中的be动词有时可用get来代替。“get＋过去分词”一般用来谈论突然发生的事件，只表示动作，不表示状态。
*She got hurt on her way back home.
她在回家的路上受伤了。
[即时演练2]——单句语法填空
(1)It is said that this new shop (build) in our school last year.
(2)A concert (hold) soon at which the works of Liszt will be played.
(3)—Have you heard about that fire in the market?
—Yes, fortunately no one (hurt).
三、被动语态的注意事项
1．以主动形式表被动意义的动词
(1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look、sound、feel、smell、taste、prove不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。
*The food tastes delicious.
这食物味道鲜美。
*The cotton feels soft.
棉花摸上去很软。
(2)表示主语的某种属性或特征的动词，如open、shut、lock、sell、write、wash、start习惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常伴有一个修饰语。
*This kind of cloth washes well.
这种布好洗。
*The engine won't start.
引擎发动不起来。
(3)need、want、require、deserve等动词作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的v.-ing形式表示被动含义。
*The plan required discussing.
这项计划需要讨论。
2．不用被动语态的几种情况
(1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear、die、disappear、rise、end、fail、happen、last、remain、spread、break out、come true、fall asleep、lose heart、take place等。
*The price has risen.
价格升高了。
*The accident happened last week.
事故是上周发生的。
[温馨提示]
要想正确地使用被动语态，就需注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些动词是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
(2)有些及物动词和及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，常见的有：fit、have、marry、own、wish、cost、notice、watch、agree with、arrive at/in、shake hands with、succeed in、suffer from、happen to、take part in、walk into、belong to。
*This key just fits the lock.
这把钥匙适合这把锁。
*Your story agrees with what he heard.
你的故事与他听到的相符。
[即时演练3]——单句语法填空
(1)This cheese (not cut)easily.It's too soft.
(2)The flowers in the garden need (water).
(3)Your idea (sound) a good one. 基础知识随堂练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The little home (paint) white.It was sweet and fresh.
2．And, as more children were born, more food (need).
3．Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations (employ) only since the mid-1980s.
4．The parts of a museum open to the public (call) galleries or rooms.
5．When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food (taste) as if it is missing something.
6．(2021·全国甲卷)It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
7．It means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct).
8．My washing machine (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
9．She was said (charge) with drunk driving.
10．On the last day of our week-long stay, we (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
Ⅱ.语法与写作 (用被动语态完成句子)
1．据报道，济南正在建造一些新的地铁线路。
It is reported that several new subway lines in Jinan now.
2．元宵用水煮熟，并随热汤一起吃。
Sweet dumplings ．
3．在端午节，人们举行龙舟比赛。
At the Dragon Boat Festival, dragon boat races ____．
4．我不知道到目前为止他受雇于这个工作多久了。
I don't know how long he so far.
5．每年在九月份或十月份，全世界的中国人都庆祝中秋节。
Every year in September or October, the Mid-Autumn Festival ____．
川公网安备51152402000101号 )|网站地图
发表于 
