Unit3 Celebrations语法知识点扫盲-（北师大版2019必修第一册）

skybamboo · 发表于昨天 11:35

Unit3 Celebrations语法知识点扫盲
被动语态

语法图解

观察句子
1．(教材P52)Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.
2．(教材P52)First，the house was cleaned from top to bottom.
3．(教材P52)Next，the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.
4．(教材P52)It is believed that when Fu is put upside down，happiness arrives.
5．(教材P52)Fireworks were being let off across the city，suddenly lighting up the night sky.
6．(教材P53)Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents...
7．(教材P53)Throughout history，some of the original customs have changed，but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept.
8．(教材P53)Most of the important Spring Festival traditions are still being practised by people across the country.
我的领悟
一般现在时的被动语态的构成是：am/is/are＋done，如句1、句4、句6；一般过去时的被动语态的构成是：was/were＋done，如句__2、句3；现在进行时的被动语态的构成是：am/is/are being＋done，如句__8；过去进行时的被动语态的构成是：was/were being＋done，如句5；现在完成时的被动语态的构成是：have/has been＋done，如句__7。
语法知识精讲
一、被动语态的构成
英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，其构成是：助动词be＋过去分词。在被动语态中，by后常跟动作的执行者，且通常只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。
1．被动语态的时态、形式表(本单元出现的)

形式	构成	例句
现在时	一般式	am/is/ are done	Rice is grown in the south of the US. 美国南部种植水稻。
	进行式	am/is/are being done	English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. 广播里正在播放英语课。
	完成式	has/have been done	The case has recently been tried. 这桩案子最近已经审过了。
过去时	一般式	was/were done	They were given a warm sendoff. 他们受到了热烈的欢送。
	进行式	was/were being done	We had to take a detour.The road was being repaired. 我们得绕行。这条路在维修。

2.被动语态的特殊情况
(1)情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词＋ be ＋及物动词的过去分词。
◆All the letters should be answered immediately.
所有信件均应立刻回复。
◆This can be done by hand.
这可以手工制作。
(2)不定式的被动语态
①一般式(to be done)：不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生或与其(几乎)同时发生。
②完成式(to have been done)：不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
◆The book is said to be published soon.
据说这本书很快就会出版。
◆The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
据说这本书已被译成很多种语言。
二、被动语态的使用场合

使用场合	例句	注意事项
不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者	Do you know when the new railway will be put to use？你知道新的铁路什么时候投入使用吗？	不带by引导的短语
强调动作的承受者；或既关心动作的承受者，又关心动作的执行者	The novel was written by the high school student. 这部小说是由这个中学生写的。	带by引导的短语
表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者	You are warmly invited to a party to be held at the Workers' Club at 7 pm on May 1.　热情邀请您参加5月1日晚上7点在工人俱乐部举行的派对。	不必说明动作的执行者
修辞需要，为了避免更换主语，使句子简练	She stepped onto the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.　她走上舞台，观众给予了她热烈的掌声。	只有一个主语
在文章标题、公告、科技报告、新闻中	Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity. 核能已被用于发电。	用于书面语

三、主动形式表示被动意义的情况
1．连系动词(如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、remain 等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
◆Your advice sounds practical.
你的建议听起来是可行的。
◆Whether we can have a holiday remains unknown.
我们还不知道能否放假。
2．当open、close、shut、lock、move、read、wash、clean、cook、sell、cut、wear、carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
◆The door doesn't shut.
这门关不上。
◆The book sells well.
这书卖得不错。
3．在want、need、require、deserve 等少数动词后的v.ing形式，用主动形式表示被动意义。其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
◆The house needs cleaning.＝The house needs to be cleaned.
这所房子需要打扫。
◆This wall requires repairing.＝This wall requires to be repaired.
这面墙需要修理。
(3)这种鞋穿着很舒服。
四、使用被动语态时应注意的问题
1．不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。常见的不及物动词(短语)有appear、belong、disappear、happen、remain、break out、come true、fall asleep、keep silent、lose heart、take place、run out等。
◆We cannot say for sure what will happen.
我们无法确切地说会发生什么事。
2．在主动语态里，动词see、make、hear、watch、notice等后面作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。
◆They made him go there alone.(主动语态)
◆He was made to go there alone.(被动语态)
他们让他独自去那里。
3．接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即直接宾语(一般指物) 和间接宾语(一般指人)。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保留不变；如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for。
◆We gave him the letter.＝He was given the letter by us.＝The letter was given to him by us.
我们把那封信给他了。
◆She bought her mother a new coat.＝Her mother was bought a new coat by her.＝A new coat was bought for her mother by her.
她给她妈妈买了一件新大衣。
4．将含有“动词＋介词/副词”类动词短语(如look after、put on、pay attention to)的主动句变为被动句时，原动词短语中的介词或副词应保留下来。
◆She often looks after the old. (主动语态)
◆The old are often looked after by her.(被动语态)
她经常照看老人。
语法知识及时练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—May I help you, Madam?
—How terrible! The things in my shop (steal) frequently these days.
2．Visitors (request) not to touch the exhibits.
3．The accident is reported (occur) on the first Sunday in February.
4．The house (belong) to an old lady is in good condition.
5．—I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport. Why didn't you drive him there?
—Because my car (fix)．
6．We had great fun playing on the beaches and it (feel) comfortable to bath in the sunlight.
7．The company believes the products will (sell) well.
8．The number of deaths of cancer will be reduced greatly if people (persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables.
9．I don't know what (draw) by the children in the room now.
10．Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement (reach) so far by the two sides.
Ⅱ.语法与写作 (用被动语态完成句子)
1．我不知道到目前为止他受雇于这个工作多久了。
I don't know how long he so far.
2．据说，现在会议上正在讨论那个问题。
It is said that the question now.
3．每年在九月份或十月份，全世界的中国人都庆祝中秋节。
Every year in September or October, the MidAutumn Festival ．
4．元宵用水煮熟，并随热汤一起吃。
Sweet dumplings ．
5．在古代，只有中国人举行龙舟比赛。
In the old days, dragon boat races ．
参考答案：
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—May I help you, Madam?
—How terrible! The things in my shop arebeingstolen(steal) frequently these days.
2．Visitors arerequested(request) not to touch the exhibits.
3．The accident is reported tohaveoccurred(occur) on the first Sunday in February.
4．The house belonging(belong) to an old lady is in good condition.
5．—I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport. Why didn't you drive him there?
—Because my car wasbeingfixed(fix)．
6．We had great fun playing on the beaches and it felt(feel) comfortable to bath in the sunlight.
7．The company believes the products will sell(sell) well.
8．The number of deaths of cancer will be reduced greatly if people arepersuaded(persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables.
9．I don't know what isbeingdrawn(draw) by the children in the room now.
10．Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement hasbeenreached(reach) so far by the two sides.
Ⅱ.语法与写作 (用被动语态完成句子)
1．我不知道到目前为止他受雇于这个工作多久了。
I don't know how long he hasbeenemployedatthisjob so far.
2．据说，现在会议上正在讨论那个问题。
It is said that the question isbeingdiscussedatthemeeting now.
3．每年在九月份或十月份，全世界的中国人都庆祝中秋节。
Every year in September or October, the MidAutumn Festival is__celebrated__by__the____Chinese____people__all__over__the__world．
4．元宵用水煮熟，并随热汤一起吃。
Sweet dumplings areboiledandservedinhotwater．
5．在古代，只有中国人举行龙舟比赛。
In the old days, dragon boat races were organized only by Chinese people．

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[必修1] Unit3 Celebrations语法知识点扫盲-（北师大版2019必修第一册）