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专题05 Unit 3 Celebrations 语法 (被动语态+高考真题) 导学案 (解析版)
要点精讲1：“be+及物动词的过去分词” 是被动语态最基本形式，动词时态的变化主要从be动词的变化来体现。被动语态的行为发出者常由介词by引导，应特别注意这一显性标志，有时by短语可以省略。被动语态还可以用于“情态动词+be+过去分词”结构。
例1：Has the doctor been sent for?
例2：A policeman is known by the clothes he wears.
例3：Good care must be taken of the babies particularly while they are ill.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) When fat and salt _____________(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
2. (2016·北京卷) The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _____________ (reward) with success in the end.
3. Bad customs and laws ought to ____________(abandon), since they are inappropriate for the development of the society.
4. Large quantities of information, as well as timely help_____________(offer) to us over the past 2 years.
【答案与解析】
1. are removed。结合主句这里表示客观事实故用一般现在时；结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是are removed。
2. will be rewarded。结合语境应用被动语态，同时又是将来行为。故答案是will be rewarded。
3. be abandoned。分析句子可知，ought to do为固定搭配，意为“应该做某事”，to后跟动词原形。且abandon与主语Bad customs and laws之间是动宾关系，应使用被动语态be abandoned。故答案是be abandoned。
4. have been offered。根据后文“over the past 2 years”可知用现在完成时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态；as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词应根据其前面部分主语的人称和数来确定，主语“Large quantities of+不可数名词”是复数意义，助动词用have。故答案是have been offered。
要点精讲2：被动语态还可用“get+过去分词”结构，这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果。
例4：The boy got hurt when he was riding to school.
例5：As I passed by, my skirt got caught on a nail.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
5. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I get ___________(pay) on Friday.
6. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you wouldn’t have time to get ____________(change) before the party.
【答案与解析】
5. paid。“get+过去分词”结构属于被动语态，这里get paid表示“被支付工资”。故答案是paid。
6. changed。“get changed”是换衣服的意思，“changed”是过去分词构成被动语态，就像“get dressed”(穿衣服)和“be seated”(就座)一样。故答案是changed。
要点精讲3：“系动词+表语”结构中系动词主动形式表示被动意义。这些系动词分三类：
①感官类系动词：look, seem, appear, feel, sound, taste, smell
②变化类系动词：become, turn, come, go, fall, get
③保持证明类系动词：stay, keep, be, remain, prove, turn out
例6：Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.
例7：His dream of being a dancer has come true.
例8：What he said proved to be correct in the end.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
7. The flowers _________ (smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
8. The water __________(feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
9. With many trouble problems, such as unemployment and crime ____________(remain) to be solved, the mayor seems to be at a loss.
【答案与解析】
7. smelling。_________ (smell) sweet in the botanic garden作定语；同时smelling sweet是系表结构，主动表被动，作定语应用现在分词形式。故答案是smelling。
8. felt。felt cool是系表结构，主动表被动；结合语境应用一般过去时。故答案是felt。
9. remaining。前半句含有with sb doing结构，remain是不及物动词，无被动。故答案是remaining。
要点精讲4：write, read, sell, wear, wash, open, shut等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性，多用于“动词+副词”结构，常用主动形式表被动意义。
例9：My pen writes smoothly.
例10：The play reads more easily than acts.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
10. ---Why did you make the kite of cloth instead of paper?
---Because paper ________(tear) easily.
11. ---What do you think of my composition?
---It __________(read) well except for a few spelling mistakes.
12. --- What do you think of my new T-shirt?
--- I am sure it __________(wear) very well and keeps its shape.
【答案与解析】
10. tears。write, read, sell, wear, wash, open, shut等用于“动词+副词”结构，常用主动形式表被动意义。故答案是tears。
11. reads。write, read, sell, wear, wash, open, shut等用于“动词+副词”结构，常用主动形式表被动意义。故答案是reads。
12. wears。write, read, sell, wear, wash, open, shut等用于“动词+副词”结构，常用主动形式表被动意义。故答案是wears。
要点精讲5：某些不及物动词）短语，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。如happen, occur, exist，come out出版, come into being产生, come about发生, break out爆发, belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, arise from由……引起, run out用光等。
例11：When did the accident occur?
例12：The book lying on the top of the shelf belongs to me.
例13：This year's event will take place on June 19th, a week earlier than usual.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
13. This proverb is based on an old English law ____________(date) back to the 17th century.
14. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ___________ (belong) to the well-educated.
15. The number of road accidents and the deaths ____________(arise) from those accidents has increased over the past year.
16. Now it __________(occur) to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
【答案与解析】
13. dating。____________(date) back to the 17th century作定语；date back to短语不能用于被动语态；作定语只能用现在分词形式。故答案是dating。
14. belongs。belong to表示“属于”，不能用于被动语态。故答案是belongs。
15. arising。____________(arise) from those accidents作定语；arise from表示“由……引起”，无被动，作定语只能用现在分词形式。故答案是arising。
16. occurred。It occurred to sb that…是固定句型，occur表示“发生”，不能用于被动语态。故答案是occurred。
要点精讲6：measure, weigh表示“测量起来，称重起来”，后接短语主动表被动；be worth doing, want/need/require doing中动名词主动表被动；be to blame表示“该受到责备”也是主动表被动。
例14：This novel is well worth reading.
例15：The pond measures about 2 metres across.
例16：The classroom badly requires cleaning.
例17：Which driver was to blame for the accident?
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
17. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need ___________ (repair).
18. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one __________ (blame).
19. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ___________ (weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
【答案与解析】
17. repairing/to be repaired。repairing/to be repaired。want/need/require doing=to be done需要做某事。故答案是repairing/to be repaired。
18. to blame。be to blame表示“该受到责备”，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to blame。
19. weighing。measure, weigh表示“测量起来，称重起来”，后接短语主动表被动；___________ (weigh) less than 40 pounds和under the age of four作并列定语。故答案是weighing。
要点精讲7：在“be+形容词+不定式短语”结构中，不定式主动形式表被动意义。
例18：This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.
例19：The baby is not easy to look after.
【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
20. In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant __________ (deal) with.
21. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe).
22. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier __________ (break) into small pieces.
【答案与解析】
20. to deal。不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to deal。
21. to breathe。不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to breathe。
22. to break。本句是形容词短语作宾语补足语，暗含be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表被动意义。故答案是to break。
好题再练（一）基础题
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. A new cinema ________________(build) here. They hope to finish it next month.
2. More than a dozen students in that school _____________(send) abroad to study medicine last year.
3. The moment the 28th Olympic Games _____________(declare) open, the whole world cheered.
4. Nowadays, swimming________________ (consider) to be one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
5. Look! The man ________________ (question) by the police.
6. Last year, a gold medal ________________ (award) to Johnson for his outstanding contribution to education.
7. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ________________ (make) by scientists.
8. While horseback riding, Christopher ________________ (throw) off his horse and broke his neck.
9. She became a professional actress after she ________________ (spot) by a talent scout.
10. The diamond mine ________________(discover) by a little boy when he was playing hide-and-seek.
【答案】1.is being built 2.were sent 3.were declared 4.is considered 5.is being questioned 6.was awarded 7.will be made 8.was thrown 9.was potted 10.was discovered
好题再练（二）中档题
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
11. Hundreds of jobs ______________(lose) if the factory is closed.
12. Excuse me, I'd like to buy the kind of cloth which _________(wash) easily.
13. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ________________ (rebuild).
14. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ________________ (reach) so far by the two sides.
15. My washing machine ________________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
16. Thanks to the new technology, costs ________________ (reduce) by 20% over the past year.
17. —This is the third time he _________________(praise) for his voluntary work for the Red Cross.
—No wonder he is so excited!
18. They have invented a new car, which ________________ (power) by solar batteries.
19. The books in the library ________________ (classify) according to subjects.
20. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ________________(made) into at least ten different films over the past years.
21. To my delight, I _______________ (promote) to senior manager to attend the opening ceremony the other day.
22. If you________________ (betray), you are the victim of your circumstance.
23. The group _______________(accuse) of trying to gain information on American nuclear weapons last month.
24. So far more than one friend ________________ (invite) to my birthday party to be held tomorrow.
25. All visitors to this village _____________ (treat) with kindness, so it attracts thousands of visitors every week.
【答案】11.will be lost 12.washes 13.is being rebuilt 14.has been reached 15.is being repaired 16.have been reduced 17.has been praised 18.is powered 19.are classified 20.has been made 21.was promoted 22.are betrayed 23.was accused 24.has been invited 25.are treated
好题再练（三）拔高题
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
26. (2021•全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
27. (2020•新课标I卷) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it __________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________ (construct) .”
28 (2020•全国III卷) The artist was sure he would __________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
29. (2018•江苏卷) I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan __________(carry) out in the past two years.
30. (2018•北京卷) A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________(trap) in the mountains for two days.
31. (2017•江苏卷) He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ___________(follow).
32. Large quantities of money____________(spend) in searching for a cure for this terrible disease so far.
33. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________________ (reward) with success in the coming exam.
34. Tom needed a new book as several leaves ________________ (tear) out of the old one.
35. Tom ________________(remind) many times by now not to talk in class.
36. It is advised that the meeting ________________ (put) off till next week.
37. We won't start the work until all the preparations________________(make).
38. My money ________(run) out. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I've none in hand.
39. I know daydreaming benefits invention, but the fact ________________ (remain) that it has no solid evidence.
40. New social problems ________________ (arise) due to the unfair distribution of the social wealth in the past two decades.
【答案】26.was built 27.means, is constructed 28.be chosen 29.had been carried 30.had been trapped 31.was being followed 32.have been spent 33.will be rewarded 34.had been torn 35.has been reminded 36.(should) be put 37.have been made 38.is running 39.remains 40.have arisen
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